Franz Liszt’s profound influence on 20th-century music is evident in his contributions to musical form, harmonic innovation, and cultural integration, which shaped the works of composers such as Claude Debussy and Béla Bartók. Liszt’s development of the symphonic poem provided a new narrative framework in orchestral music, paving the way for Debussy’s impressionistic use of musical atmospheres and textures. His harmonic innovations, particularly through chromaticism and the augmented triad, prefigured the modal and atonal explorations characteristic of Bartók’s compositions, enabling a departure from traditional tonality and influencing the evolution of modern music. Furthermore, Liszt’s interest in Roma music infused his works with a rich, ethnographic dimension that anticipated the ethnomusicological motivations seen in Bartók’s incorporation of Eastern European folk melodies. This integration of folk elements into classical music underscored a broader trend in the 20th century towards cultural inclusivity and the blurring of boundaries between classical and folk traditions. Consequently, Liszt’s artistic legacy is not only foundational in shaping the harmonic and stylistic contours of 20th-century music but also instrumental in fostering an ethos of cultural exploration and exchange that defined the musical modernism of the era.
Bibliography
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Gordon, Stewart. “Franz Liszt and His World: Piano Innovation and Artistic Influence.” The Musical Quarterly 91, nos. 3-4 (2008): 348-365.
Saffle, Michael. “Liszt and Bartók: Pathways and Intersections.” 19th-Century Music Review 11, no. 2 (2014): 289-310.
