I’m working on a history question and need support to help me understand better.Msq # 20The Transformation of Europe Multiple Choice Luther’s initial stimulus for formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was a. his excommunication from the Roman Catholic church.b. the sale of indulgences.c. his time spent in England during the English Reformation.
The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was a. John Calvin.
The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the
Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other.”?a. Martin Lutherb. Jesus
Henry VIII’s reformation in Englanda. was based on the ideas of the Anabaptists.b. was much more politically driven than Luther’s reformation.c. was inspired more by John Calvin’s thought than by Luther’s thought.d. made far more profound changes in theology than Luther’s reformation did. e. ignored Luther and instead pushed for change within Catholic guidelines.
The event that inspired Henry VIII to confront the pope wasa. Henry’s frustration with the pope’s inability to bring about church reform.b. Henry’s desire to gain a divorce.c. Henry’s desire to unify all of Europe for a new round of crusades.d. Henry’s belief that the pope was secretly backing the French in the latest war. e. a new English translation of the Bible.
The author of the Institutes of the Christian Religion was a. Calvin.
d. the turmoil caused by having two popes during the Great Schism. e. the influence of John Calvin. b. Erasmus.c. Voltaire.d. Martin Luther. e. Henry VIII. a. need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire.b. threat posed by Islam.c. need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt.d. expense associated with translating original Greek classics. e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter’s basilica. c. John Calvin d. Sima Qian e. Henry VIII b. Luther.c. Zwingli.d. Henry VIII. e. Paul III. The city that stood as John Calvin’s model Protestant community was a. Avignon.
Which one of the following was not one of the pillars of the Catholic Reformation? a. the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinasb. the Council of Trentc. the Society of Jesus
The Council that helped define and advance the Catholic Reformation took place in a. Trent.
The Council of Trenta. rooted out the Arian heresy.b. successfully reached a compromise in the early Protestant movement between Luther and Calvin. c. played a key role in Henry VIII’s break with the Catholic church.d. took steps to reform the Catholic church.e. launched the witch-hunts of the sixteenth century.
Ignatius Loyola was instrumental ina. creating the Society of Jesus.b. calling together the Council of Trent.c. making astronomical discoveries that called into question the Ptolemaic universe. d. the formation of Spanish absolutism.e. claiming the Philippines for Spain.
The explosion of witch-hunting in the sixteenth century was most probably caused by a. a dramatic increase in the practice of demonology.b. the publication of Copernicus’s theories.c. the conquest of Spain by Islamic forces.
Ninety-five percent of the condemned witches were a. men.
The Spanish leader who sent an armada against England in 1588 was a. Philip II.
The leader of England during the attempted invasion of the Spanish Armada was
b. Paris.c. Geneva.d. Wittenberg. e. London. d. the efforts of St. Ignatius Loyolae. the religious fervor of the Renaissance popes b. Pisa.c. Wittenberg. d. Rome.e. Milan. d. tensions between Catholics and Protestants.e. the fear caused by the prominent role that women were increasingly playing in the Catholic church. b. Catholics. c. Protestants. d. women.e. Muslims. b. Don Juan. c. Fernando. d. Charles V. a. Henry VIII. b. Charles II. c. Mary I.d. James II. e. Elizabeth I. The most destructive European conflict before the twentieth century was a. the Thirty Years’ War.b. the Seven Years’ War.c. the Hundred Years’ War.
Charles V was thea. pope who called the Council of Trent to address abuses in the Catholic church. b. Spanish king who attempted to invade England in 1588.c. English king who broke with the Catholic church for political reasons.d. Portuguese leader who supported exploration down Africa’s west coast.e. leader who tried, but failed, to centralize authority in the Holy Roman Empire.
Which of the following factors was not one of the reasons for Charles V’s failure to build a centralized, sovereign state in the Holy Roman Empire?a. frequent invasions by Englandb. internal religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics
The Spanish Inquisition was first established in 1478 by a. Charles V.
Which of the following states developed constitutional governments in the seventeenth century? a. England and Franceb. Spain and the Netherlandsc. Russia and Italy
The English Civil War ended with the trial and decapitation of a. James I.
The architect of absolutism was a. John Locke.
d. the Franco-Prussian War.e. the War of the Spanish Succession. c. external pressure from the Frenchd. German nobles who refused to bend to Charles’s will e. external pressure from the Ottomans b. Don Carlos.c. Fernando and Isabel. d. Philip II.e. Philip III. d. the Netherlands and France e. England and the Netherlands b. Charles I. c. Elizabeth I. d. James II.e. Charles II. b. Cardinal Richelieu. c. Charles II.d. Montesquieu.e. Louis XVIII. The individual associated with the phrase “l’état, c’est moi” was a. Charles V.
Which of the following was not one of the policies pursued by Louis XIV? a. the maintenance of a huge standing armyb. an attempt to make the nobles an active part of the governmentc. use of the more dependable middle class as officials
Versailles was the magnificent royal palace of a. Charles I.
Catherine the Great’s attempts at reform in Russia were essentially ended by a. the Great Northern War.b. the “Time of Troubles.”c. the English Civil War.
The most important consequence of the Peace of Westphalia wasa. laying the foundation for English control of most of the world.b. combining the Spanish and French thrones.c. promoting the notion that the European nations viewed each other as sovereign and equal. d. ending the carnage of the Seven Years’ War.
Which of the following conflicts is the largest war to unfold in the wake of the Peace of Westphalia? a. the English Civil Warb. the Thirty Years’ Warc. the Hundred Years’ War
The fundamental principle of diplomacy in early modern Europe was a. French domination.b. the Auld Alliance.c. raison d’etat.
By 1800, the population of Europe had risen to a. 81 million.
b. Philip II.c. Cardinal Richelieu. d. Charles I.e. Louis XIV. d. the creation of the palace at Versailles e. the promotion of economic development b. Frederick the Great. c. Peter the Great.d. Francis I.e. Louis XIV. d. Pugachev’s Rebellion. e. the Old Beliefs schism. e. establishing an Anglo-French alliance that would last until World War I. d. the Seven Years’ War e. the Glorious Revolution d. the Anglo-French alliance. e. the balance of power. b. 180 million. c. 240 million. d. 310 million. e. 350 million. 318 The system by which unfinished materials were delivered to rural households for production was known as the
The first great philosophical proponent of capitalism was a. Voltaire.
The Ptolemaic universe was based ona. the idea that the earth rested on the back of a giant turtle. b. a motionless earth surrounded by nine hollow spheres. c. a heliocentric structure.d. the unifying principle of gravity.e. the observations of Galileo.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres was written by a. Ptolemy.
That planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular, was demonstrated by a. Galileo.
The theory of universal gravity is associated with a. Isaac Newton.
Most philosophers believeda. in a geocentric universe.b. in the notion of progress.c. in a very active God who played a constant role in human affairs.
a. guild system.b. joint-stock company system. c. union system.d. putting-out system.e. countryside system. b. Adam Smith. c. Montesquieu. d. Isaac Newton. e. Francis Bacon. b. Galileo Galilei.c. Isaac Newton.d. Jonathan Swift.e. Nicolaus Copernicus. b. Voltaire. c. Newton. d. Kepler.e. Descartes. b. Galileo Galilei.c. Denis Diderot.d. Nicolaus Copernicus. e. Johannes Kepler. d. that the world was getting worse because of corrupt human nature. e. that the world would end soon. Traditions & Encounters: A Brief Global History Chapter 24 1 The Mughal leader Babur originally invaded northern India A) to create Shiite Muslim state.
B) because he was unable to achieve his ambitious goals in central Asia.
C) to control the trade routes into southeast Asia.
D) to defeat his longstanding enemy, the sultan of Delhi.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: Babur hoped to use the enormous wealth of India to build a vast central Asian empire. 2 Akbar’s reign included all the following except A) religious toleration for Hindus and Sikhs.
B) a syncretic religion, called “divine faith,” which stressed loyalty to the emperor.
C) a centralized administrative structure with ministers appointed to regional provinces.
D) education and basic rights for Indian women.
E) conquest of Gujarat and Bengal.
Feedback: Akbar had a strong centralized government which tolerated various religions, but did not address the issues of Indian women. 3 The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb A) replaced many Hindu temples with mosques.
B) promoted religious toleration.
C) converted to Hinduism.
D) presided over an era of religious harmony.
E) None of these answers is correct.
Feedback: Aurangzeb, a devout Muslim, faced rebellions throughout his extended empire, largely due to his intolerance of Hindus and his policy of replacing Hindu temples with mosques. 4 Politically, all three of the Islamic states began as A) oligarchies, dominated by the merchant class.
B) constitutional monarchies.
C) military states.
D) feudal aristocracies.
E) tribal councils. Feedback: The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all military creations, regarded by their rulers as their possessions by right of conquest. 5 Foreign trade took hold primarily in A) the Ottoman and the Mughal empires.
B) the Mughal and the Safavid empires.
C) the Safavid and the Ottoman empires.
D) all three empires.
E) none of the empires.
Feedback: The Mughals did not pay as much attention to foreign trade as the Ottomans and Safavids did, as they concentrated on their own massive and productive land empire. 6 One persistent problem within all three empires was A) B) C) D) E) three states the succession to the throne was a deadly contest between competing members of a family. 7 Major trade commodities sought by European merchants from the Islamic empires included A) tobacco and slaves.
B) sugar and rum.
C) silks, carpets, and ceramics.
D) manufactured goods.
E) slaves.
Feedback: European merchants sought raw silk, carpets, and ceramics from the Islamic empires. 8 Which of the following would not be an example of religious toleration under Muslim rule? A) the millet communities in the Ottoman empire
B) the jizya tax imposed by Aurangzeb
C) granting non-Muslims status as protected people (dhimmi)
Feedback: In all maintaining the loyalty of the military. maintaining control over a vast slave population. communication between the central and provincial administrations. achieving a peaceful succession after the death of the emperor. All these answers are correct. D) the syncretic “divine faith” of Akbar
E) All of these are examples of religious toleration under Muslim rule.
Feedback: Aurangzeb reinstated the jizya to encourage conversion to Islam. 9 A major reason for the decline in the Islamic empires was A) the refusal to accept new ideas and technologies from the West.
B) an abandonment of religious toleration as a state policy.
C) the decline in military leadership.
D) the rigidity of the religious leaders.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: The Islamic empires experienced military decline because they did not seek to improve their military technologies. 10 The Muslim resistance to new ideas and technologies by the eighteenth century is illustrated by A) the Ottoman ban on the printing press.
B) the purchase of outmoded weapons from Europe.
C) the banning of “impious” telescopes.
D) a reluctance of Muslims to travel abroad.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: The Muslims traveled little and were resistant to European ideas and technologies, being confident in their own superiority. 11 In their A) B) C) D) E) Feedback: rise to power the Ottomans were aided by the ghazi, who were Mongol mercenaries.Christian captives raised to fight for them.Muslim religious warriors. Anatolian peasants, eager to escape the heavy taxes of the Byzantine empire. All these answers are correct.The term ghazi refers to Muslim religious warriors. 12 The Ottoman military made use of A) gunpowder weapons.
B) siege warfare.
C) specially trained Janissary forces. D) armored cavalry.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: The Ottomans had a formidable military machine.13 Which of the following places did not come under the control of the Muslim Ottomans? A) Albania
B) Syria
C) Egypt
D) the Iranian plateau
E) Serbia
Feedback: The Iranian plateau was controlled by the Safavids, not the Ottomans. 14 The Janissaries were A) slave women who lived in the sultan’s harem.
B) Christian boys taken from conquered territories and raised as special forces.
C) regional administrators, who were granted autonomy in exchange for loyalty and
support. D) armored light cavalry.
E) eunuchs in service to the sultan.
Feedback: Janissaries were young Christian boys from the Balkans who became slaves of the Sultan and were trained as soldiers. 15 Suleyman the Magnificent A) captured Belgrade and laid siege to the city of Vienna.
B) conquered Russia.
C) brought the entire Arabian peninsula under Ottoman rule.
D) invaded the island of Sicily.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: Ottoman imperialism climaxed in the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, who captured Belgrade and laid siege to Vienna in the 1520s. 16 During the fourteenth century, Ottoman forces captured all of the following except A) Bursa.
B) Edirne (Adrianople).
C) Constantinople.
D) Gallipoli.
E) They captured all of these.
Feedback: Constantinople was not captured until the middle of the fifteenth century. 17 The Safavid empire began with the reign of Shah Ismail, who claimed legitimacy by A) killing off competitors from the Mughal royal families.
B) seizing the Peacock Throne.
C) tracing his ancestry back to a Sufi religious leader.
D) marrying the daughter of Suleyman the Magnificent.
E) tracing his ancestry back to Tamerlane.
Feedback: Shah Ismail claimed legitimacy to the throne by tracing his ancestry back to Safi al-Din. 18 Twelver Shiism was a Muslim sect that claimed that A) Ismail was the “hidden” imam or even a reincarnation of Allah.
B) Shah Ismail was a direct descendent of the prophet Muhammad.
C) all ghazi are true spokesmen of Allah.
D) the Safavid were the lost tribe of Israel.
E) the qizilbash, or “red heads,” should be purged from the country.
Feedback: Safavid propaganda suggested that Ismail was the “hidden imam” who had gone into hiding in 874, or even an incarnation of Allah himself. 19 At the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, A) the Safavid qizilbash defeated the Ottoman Janissary forces.
B) the Sunni Ottomans defeated the Shiite Safavids.
C) an alliance of Safavids and Ottomans defeated European crusaders.
D) European forces turned back the Ottoman advance into central Europe.
E) None of these answers is correct.
Feedback: The Safavids, trusting in the protective charisma of Shah Ismail, were defeated by the heavily armed Ottomans at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514. 20 Shah Abbas revitalized the Safavid regime by all of the following means except A) reforming administrative and military institutions.
B) defeating the nomadic Uzbeks.
C) expelling the Portuguese from Hormuz.
D) forging alliances with the Ottomans against Europeans.
E) promoting trade with other lands.
Feedback: In revitalizing his empire, Shah Abbas sought European assistance against the Ottomans. Traditions & Encounters: A Brief Global History Chapter 27Multiple Choice 1. Railroads shaped America’s society and economy by doing all of the following except A) creating an integrated national economy.
B) spurring the development of other industries.
C) providing cheap transportation for manufactured and agricultural
goods. D) encouraging the development of improved managerial skills.
E) undermining support for private property.
Feedback: Railroads were the most important component of nineteenth-century America’s economic development. 2. New inventions toward the turn of the century included all of the following except A) electric lights.
B) the electric motor.
C) radio.
D) the phonograph.
E) the telephone.
Feedback: Many new inventions appeared at the turn of the century, including electric lights, the electric motor, the phonograph, and the telephone, but not the radio. 3. The National Policy for the economic development of Canada included A) tariffs to protect Canadian industry.
B) recruitment of immigrants.
C) construction of the Canadian Pacific Railroad.
D) all of these: tariffs to protect Canadian industry, recruitment of
immigrants, and construction of the Canadian Pacific Railroad. E) None of these answers is correct.Feedback: Economic development in Canada included protection of industries through tariffs, recruitment of migrants, construction of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and the attraction of foreign investments. 4. Economic development in Latin America was limited becauseA) elites profited from European trade and investment and had little incentive to diversify the economy. B) most goods were manufactured on self-sufficient haciendas.
C) state control discouraged foreign investment.
D) there were insufficient natural resources in Latin America.
E) there wasn’t enough cheap labor in Latin America.
Feedback: Latin America’s economic development was also limited due to an insufficient market for manufactured goods. 5. During the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, Mexico achieved all of the following exceptA) construction of rail and telegraph lines.B) industrial expansion.C) paved streets and electric lights in Mexico city.D) improved public health and education.E) significant foreign investment in the Mexican economy. Feedback: Porfirio Diaz achieved a great deal during his dictatorship, but his accomplishments did not include improvements in public health and education. 6. Institutions such as the Carlisle Indian School and the Toledo Indian School made clear A) the deep appreciation American whites had for Indian culture.
B) the extent to which the U.S. government went to ensure the survival of
Indian cultureC) the degree to which white society sought to replace tribal influences with American values.D) the degree to which Indians continued to resist white society in the early nineteenth century.E) All these answers are correct. Feedback: Despite white efforts to assimilate native Americans and to eradicate their culture, native Americans successfully reaffirmed their native identities 7. After Reconstruction, former slaves in the American south A) elected biracial governments for the first time in U.S. history.
B) remained free, but lost many of their civil rights.
C) continued to dominate southern society.
D) gained control of their own schools and local institutions.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: After Reconstruction, former slaves in the American south faced a rigidly segregated society that deprived them of many of their civil rights. 8. The Northwest Rebellion in Canada in 1885 was sparked byA) the westward movement of British Canadian settlers and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railroad. B) tensions between British and Japanese settlers on the frontier.
C) conflicts between settlers and the railroad over land rights.
D) tensions between British and French residents and newcomers from
eastern Europe.E) a border dispute between Canadian and American settlers on the western plains.Feedback: The threat of white settlement to indigenous and met�s society resulted in the Northwest Rebellion in 1885. 9. The gaucho in Argentina is similar to what widely romanticized figure in American history? A) the fur trader
B) the solitary prospector
C) the homesteader
D) the cattle rustler
E) the western cowboy
Feedback: Argentina’s gauchos were very similar to the cowboy. 10. By 1900, Latin American women had achieved A) expanded educational opportunities.
B) the right to vote in national elections.
C) the right to divorce.
D) property rights within marriage.
E) nothing at all.
Feedback: Although Latin America did not have a strong women’s movement, there was an expansion of educational opportunities for young women after the mid- nineteenth century. 11. The westward expansion of the United States took place as a result of the all of the following except A) the acquisition of territory from Britain.
B) purchase of land from France.
C) the movement of settlers seeking cheap land to cultivate.
D) war and purchase from Mexico.
E) purchase from indigenous people.
Feedback: Western expansion faced staunch resistance from indigenous peoples. 12. The term “manifest destiny” was used to describe A) the inevitability of American independence from Britain.
B) the superiority of the U.S. Constitution.
C) the inevitability of American dominion over all of North America.
D) the superiority of the north to the south during the Civil War.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: Many Americans spoke of a “manifest destiny” to occupy all of North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 13. At Wounded Knee in 1890, A) Colonel George Armstrong Custer was defeated by the Lakota Sioux.
B) thousands of eastern Cherokee were crowded onto a desolate
reservation in Oklahoma.C) Sioux warriors, emboldened by the Ghost Dance movement, attacked and massacred a community of white settlers.D) U.S. cavalry massacred a settlement of 200 Sioux men, women, and children.E) Blackfoot warriors tried unsuccessfully to escape across the border into Canada. Feedback: At Wounded Knee, a Sioux man accidentally shot off a gun, and the cavalry reacted by slaughtering more than 200 men, women, and children. 14. Which of the following was acquired as a result of the Mexican-American War? A) Montana
B) California
C) Iowa
D) Oregon
E) Missouri
Feedback: The territories acquired as a result of the Mexican-American War included Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah. 15. The constitutional issue at the center of the American Civil War was A) the balance of power between the president and the Congress.
B) the balance of power between the state governments and the federal
government.C) conflicting claims between the individual and society. D) the rights of immigrant labor versus the rights of slave labor.
E) how to fulfill ideals of the Enlightenment.
Feedback: The constitutional issue at the center of the Civil War was the issue of states’ rights as opposed federal government authority. 16. The Emancipation Proclamation A) freed all slaves in the western hemisphere.
B) freed all slaves who took up arms against the south.
C) made the abolition of slavery an explicit goal of the Civil War.
D) freed all slaves in the western territories.
E) promised to free all slaves at the end of the Civil War.
Feedback: In practical terms, the Emancipation Proclamation had little immediate effect on the status of slaves. 17. British Canada gained a large French population as a result of A) France’s loss of its Canadian colonies in the Seven Years’ War.
B) the flight to Canada of French Protestants in the eighteenth century.
C) French citizens fleeing the Napoleonic wars.
D) French fur traders being driven out of the United States.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: The colony of New France passed to the British empire when France was defeated by Britain in the Seven Years’ War. 18. Which of the following provinces was not part of the Dominion of Canada by 1900? A) Alberta
B) British Columbia
C) Nova Scotia
D) Ontario
E) QuebecFeedback: The British North American Act of 1867 joined Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick and recognized them as the Dominion of Canada. 19. In Latin America, the road to a stable state was hindered by A) a lower-class conspiracy against the wealthy.
B) a socialist revolution.
C) sharp divisions among the creoles, and the seizure of power by
caudillos. D) the re-establishment of Spanish rule.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: Divisions among the creole classes aggravated political instability in Latin America. 20. The Mexican revolution was fundamentally a conflict between A) supporters of the Catholic church and anti-cleric communists.
B) liberal and socialist programs for social reform.
C) supporters of Emiliano Zapata and supporters of Pancho Villa.
D) Mexican business interests and foreign investors.
E) conservative landowners and landless peasants.
Feedback: The Mexican revolution was primarily a conflict between conservative landowners and the landless peasants. Traditions & Encounters: A Brief Global History Chapter 31Multiple Choice 1. Who among the following emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese communist movement? A) Mao Zedong
B) Jiang Jieshi
C) Sun Yatsen
D) Shanfei
E) None of these answers is correct.
Feedback: During the Long March, Mao Zedong emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese communist movement. 2. In the decades following the Great War, the economies of most African colonies were dominated by A) the exchange of raw materials or cash crops for manufactured goods from abroad. B) light manufacturing.
C) the production of steel.
D) cattle ranching.
E) furniture manufacture.
Feedback: In the decades following the Great War, colonial powers worked to ensure the development in Africa of export-oriented economies characterized by the exchange of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops for manufactured goods from abroad.3. Which of the following is not true regarding Africa during the decades after the Great War? A) Colonial taxation policies were designed to drive Africans into the labor market. B) Using African labor and tax monies, Europeans built economic infrastructure. C) Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions. D) The Great Depression exposed the vulnerability of dependent colonial economies. E) All of these are true.Feedback: In African colonies, Europeans concentrated on the development of large- scale farming for the production of cash crops, and mining. 4. Who among the following was an artist who blended artistic vision and radical political ideas in large murals that he created for the appreciation of working people? A) Carmen Miranda
B) Lazaro Cardenas
C) Victor Raul Haya de la Torre D) Diego Rivera
E) Anastacio Somoza Garcia
Feedback: Diego Rivera blended his artistic and political visions in vast murals that he intended for viewing and appreciation by the masses. He believed that art should be on display for working people. 5. Who among the following was noted for his “good neighbor policy”? A) Woodrow Wilson
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Howard Taft
D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt
E) Herbert Hoover
Feedback: The “Good Neighbor Policy” was most closely associated with the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. 6. Marcus GarveyA) was a member of the “new elite” of African colonies who became president of Kenya. B) was a Jamaican Pan-Africanist leader.
C) was a leader of the Mumbo cult.
D) mobilized Africans to revolt against British rule during the Great War.
E) None of these answers is correct.
Feedback: Marcus Garvey was the Jamaican nationalist leader who preached black pride and called on blacks living in the African diaspora to go “Back to Africa.” the Great Depression, Latin American nations experienced all of the except rapidly rising investment in the region by U.S. bankers. rapidly increasing unemployment rates.a sharp decline in the price of the region’s exports.the drying-up of foreign capital investments. rising tariffs and restrictions on foreign trade.Feedback: The Great Depression produced an economic crisis in Latin America, and demonstrated the degree to which the region had become integrated into the global economy. 8. Carmen Miranda A) created a famous painting called Imperialism.
B) wore colorful headdresses adorned with fruits, such as bananas,
grown in Latin America.C) was the popular wife of an Argentine dictator. D) served as the model for an ad created by the United Fruit Company.
E) both wore colorful headdresses adorned with fruits, and served as the
model for an ad created by the United Fruit Company. 7. During following A) B) C) D) E)Feedback: The singer and dancer Carmen Miranda wore colorful headdresses adorned with fruits, such as bananas, grown in Latin America and, in 1944, the United Fruit Company’s advertising executives crafted “Chiquita Banana,” a female banana look-alike of Carmen Miranda. 9. After Mexico angered American oil companies by nationalizing its oil industry in 1938, the Roosevelt administration A) called for a negotiated resolution.B) declared war.C) intervened in Mexico with military forces.D) called for economic sanctions against Mexico. E) did nothing. Feedback: Roosevelt’s approach eventually worked, and foreign oil companies received $24 million in compensation from Mexico rather than the $260 million they had demanded. 10. Brazil responded to the Great Depression byA) adopting Soviet communism.B) adopting fascism.C) embarking on a program of industrialization. D) declaring war on Peru. E) None of these answers is correct.Feedback: Under the estado novo (new state), Brazil embarked on a program of industrialization accompanied by protectionism and social welfare initiatives. 11. Satyagraha was A) Gandhi’s philosophy of passive resistance.
B) the Islamic leader who called for the creation of Pakistan for India’s
Muslims.C) Mao Zedong’s adapted philosophy of Chinese communism. D) the original name of the Pan-African movement.
E) the Chinese political party headed by Jiang Jieshi.
Feedback: Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) and developed the technique of passive resistance that he called satyagraha (“truth and firmness”). 12. Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) during the twenty-five years he spent in A) South Africa.
B) China.
C) Morocco.
D) Great Britain.
E) Argentina.
Feedback: Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) during the twenty-five years he spent in South Africa. 13. Gandhi A) fought hard to improve the status of the casteless Untouchables.
B) launched the Non-Cooperation Movement.
C) began the Civil Disobedience Movement.
D) worked to secure approval of the Government of India Act.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: Gandhi worked to improve the status of the Untouchables and launched both the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, it was at the urging of Gandhi that the majority of Indians approved the Government of India Act. 14. The Government of India Act A) resulted in complete Indian independence in 1931.
B) was bitterly opposed by Gandhi.
C) proved unworkable.
D) failed to win the approval of India voters.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: The Government of India Act foundered in the face of India’s ethnic divisions. 15. Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of A) Pakistan.
B) Iraq.
C) Palestine.
D) Saudi Arabia.
E) Afghanistan.
Feedback: In place of one India, Muhammad Ali Jinnah proposed two states, one of which would be the “land of the pure,” or Pakistan. 16. Muhammad Ali Jinnah A) led the Civil Disobedience Movement.
B) was an adherent of values and virtues discussed in the Bhagavad Gita.
C) was Gandhi’s main challenger for political leadership of Hindus.
D) headed the Muslim League.
E) was the founder of the Indian National Congress.
Feedback: Muhammad Ali Jinnah was an eloquent and brilliant lawyer who headed the Muslim League. 17. In 1912, who became the first provisional president of what would become the republic of China? A) Mohandas Gandhi
B) Jiang Jieshi
C) Puyi
D) Sun Yatsen
E) Mao Zedong
Feedback: Sun Yatsen had been a leading opponent of the old regime. He became president of an increasingly divided China in 1912. 18. Mao Zedong’s main rival after 1925 was A) Puyi.
B) Sun Yatsen.
C) Jiang Jieshi.
D) Mohandas Gandhi.
E) Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Feedback: After the death of Sun Yatsen in 1925, Mao Zedong and Jiang Jieshi became major adversaries in the struggle for power in China. 19. The May Fourth MovementA) was a significant turning point in the evolution of Marcus Garvey’s political efforts. B) was a sign of growing Japanese nationalism.
C) became the pretext for Japan to invade Manchuria.
D) was a movement organized by intellectuals and students aimed at
limiting foreign?especially Japanese?influence in China.E) was typical of Gandhi’s nonviolent movements. Feedback: Increasing Japanese involvement in China after World War I gave rise to the May Fourth Movement, in which all classes of Chinese protested against foreign involvement. 20. The Long March A) destroyed Mao Zedong’s credibility with the Chinese.
B) left Jiang Jieshi in complete control of the Chinese Communist Party.
C) saved the Chinese Communist Party from destruction.
D) was the final victory for the Guomindang.
E) forced Mao Zedong to flee China and hide in the Soviet Union.
Feedback: The Long March inspired many Chinese to join the Communist Party. Traditions & Encounters: A Brief Global History Chapter 34Multiple Choice 1. In 2005, the population of the globe was approximately A) 500 million.
B) 1 billion.
C) 2 billion.
D) 6.5 billion.
E) 22 billion.
Feedback: The population of the earth was 6.5 billion in 2005, and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050. 2. Global warming refers to A) natural variations in the global climate over time.
B) the rise in global temperatures caused by atmospheric pollution such
as the emissions of cars and factories.C) the risk of a nuclear war when the planet is politically “hot.”D) the increase in temperature caused by volcanic activity on the ocean floors.E) None of these answers is correct. Feedback: Global warming refers to a rise in global temperature caused by atmospheric pollution such as the emissions of cars and factories. 3. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established to have all of the following except A) promote market economies.
B) encourage free trade.
C) facilitate high growth rates.
D) subsidize state-owned industries in developing nations.
E) All these answers are correct.
Feedback: The IMF was established in 1944 to promote growth and free trade. 4. All of the following nations were founding members of the European Economic Community except A) France.
B) West Germany.
C) Italy.
D) Belgium.
E) Britain.
Feedback: Britain was not one of the founders of the European Economic Community. 5. Which of the following nations is a member of OPEC? A) Venezuela.
B) Egypt.
C) Mali. D) Yemen.
E) Afghanistan.
Feedback: Venezuela was one of the founding members of OPEC. 6. Which of the following statements about women in the workforce is least accurate? A) Women in industrialized countries make up half or nearly half of the workforce. B) Women in developing countries make up no more than one-fifth of the workforce. C) Women make up nearly forty percent of the world’s farmers. D) After achieving economic equality with men in industrialized countries at the beginning of the twentieth century, women successfully demanded the right to vote. E) In both industrialized and developing countries, most women work in low-paying jobs such as education, service, and administrative assistance.Feedback: In most industrialized nations, women received political rights by early in the twentieth century, but still have not fully closed the gap economically between them and their male counterparts. 7 .Which of the following regions is not one of the places where today’s most highly urbanized societies are found? A) Australia
B) sub-Saharan Africa
C) New Zealand
D) northern Europe
E) western Europe
Feedback: Highly urbanized societies are generally found in regions that are more temperate than that of sub-Saharan Africa, though large slums are developing there and in similar regions of the world. 8. The largest migrations of the second half of the twentieth century were primarily composed of A) refugees fleeing war.B) farmers looking for economic opportunities in cities.C) immigrants seeking better jobs in foreign countries.D) city-dwellers escaping to the suburbs to get away from urban squalor. E) the victims of human trafficking. Feedback: Although economic incentives fuel the normal flows of migrations, wars tend to displace far larger numbers of people. 9. What organization supplanted GATT in 1995? A) WTO
B) NAFTA
C) EU
D) OPEC
E) IMF
Feedback: In 1995 the members of GATT reconstituted themselves as the World Trade Organization, which pursues GATT’s goals but possesses greater powers of enforcement (and has become a focus for anti-globalization sentiment). 10. The term “little tigers” is used to designate emerging economies in A) Asia.
B) sub-Saharan Africa.
C) eastern Europe.
D) Central America.
E) the Caribbean.
Feedback: The original “little tigers” were Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, and Hong Kong, but membership in this group has expanded. 11. The purpose of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to A) funnel U.S. economic aid to NATO allies.
B) attract emerging economies into trade alliances with the United
States. C) eliminate barriers to free trade. D) regulate currency rates.
E) set fair labor standards for the industrialized nations.
Feedback: The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) served as the main vehicle for the promotion of unrestricted global trade. 12. In the 1970s OPEC demonstrated that A) the only way to defeat Israel was for all Arab states to work together.
B) an alliance in control of a valuable resource could exert control over
the developed world and its financial system.C) western powers could no longer dominate the Suez Canal. D) overproduction of petroleum products can cause a slump in global prices. E) All these answers are correct.Feedback: In the 1970s OPEC demonstrated that by reducing oil exports, it could dramatically increase the price of oil and thereby deeply impact the global economy. 13. Which of the following is not a good example of the Americanization of global culture? A) Burger King
B) Coca-Cola
C) McDonalds
D) Foster’s beer
E) Pepsi
Feedback: Foster’s beer is an Australian product.14. Which of the following statements about human trafficking is least accurate? A) It primarily affects women and girls.
B) Many persons are sold into forced labor by their own families.
C) Human trafficking generates billions of dollars each year.
D) Human trafficking is practiced exclusively in Asia.
E) One or two million persons are bought and sold each year.
Feedback: Although Asia is an important center of human trafficking, the trade is conducted worldwide, including, prominently, eastern Europe. 15. Which country’s Taliban movement provided sanctuary and training grounds to Islamic militants in the late 1990s? A) Afghanistan
B) Iraq
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Israel
E) Syria
Feedback: The Taliban came to power as a result of the civil war that followed the Soviet Union’s retreat from Afghanistan. It was toppled (though not destroyed) in 2001 by the U.S. and its allies. 16. Who orchestrated the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001? A) the Taliban
B) al Qaeda
C) Iraq
D) Saudi Arabia
E) Mohammed Omar
Feedback: The attacks were orchestrated by Osama bin Laden’s al Qaeda organization. Although Mohammed Omar’s Taliban gave sanctuary to al-Qaeda, it was not directly involved in the attacks. 17. In 1998 Osama bin Laden called for the murder of Americans in response to A) the stationing of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia.
B) the bombing of Iraq.
C) U.S. support for Israel.
D) all of these: the stationing of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, the bombing
of Iraq, and U.S. support for Israel. E) None of these answers is correct.Feedback: Osama bin Laden was angered that non-Muslim American troops were stationed so close to Islam’s two holiest lands, and viewed the bombing of Iraq in the 1990s as an attack on Islam. He also opposed U.S. support for Israel. 18. The “Bush Doctrine of Deterrence” was implemented in 2003 by a U.S.-led preemptive strike against A) Iraq.
B) Iran.
C) Russia.
D) China.
E) Taiwan.Feedback: The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq troubled many members of the international community because Iraq had not committed an overt act of hostility against the U.S., and some of the stated justifications for the invasion, especially a supposed Iraqi weapons program, proved to be illusory. 19. Which organization eradicated smallpox in 1980? A) WHO
B) NAFTA
C) HAART
D) OPEC
E) EU
Feedback: Although the United Nations has been criticized for its failure to maintain peace, some of its agencies, such as the World Health Organization, have achieved impressive successes, such as ridding the world of smallpox and lowering infant mortality in developing countries. 20. Which organization issued a Declaration of Human Rights in 1948? A) EU
B) IMF
C) UN
D) HAART
E) OPEC
Feedback: In its initial charter, the United Nations pledged to support human rights. It would enshrine this principle in the Declaration of Human Rights, which condemned such abuses as slavery, summary execution, and discrimination.
