Question 110 PointsAccording to Ainsworth, an anxious-ambivalent child would be expected tomake wise moral decisions.
lack confidence about his/her athletic ability.
cry with fear and anger when his/her mother leaves.
be confident that s/he can cry out for help if needed.
have difficulties with mastering languages.
Question 210 Points________ refers to heredity and ________ refers to environmental influences.Nature; nurture
Longitudinal, cross-sequential
Nurture; behavioral genetics
Cross-sectional; longitudinal
Cognition; emotion
Question 310 PointsWhat are some of the common consequences to a child whose mother smoked while pregnant?increased birth weight and lethargy
severely deformed limbs and muscle spasms
dwarfism and spina bifida
severe hearing loss and heart defects
lower birth weight and SIDS
Question 410 PointsInfant reflexes arenot used as a means for survival.
learned.
complex and coordinated
voluntary behavior patterns.
innate involuntary behavior patterns.
Question 510 PointsYour little brother has a big ball of clay. While he watches, you roll the ball of clay into a long snake-like shape. He begins to cry because he thinks he has less clay now. Which of Piaget’s stages is your brother likely to be in?formal operational
concrete operational
sensorimotor
preoperational
postformal operational
Question 610 PointsIn the process of ________ new information fits our earlier scheme whereas in ________, our scheme changes to fit new information.reversibility; centration
assimilation; homeostasis
assimilation; accommodation
differentiation; centration
centration; differentiation
Question 710 PointsA source of bias that may explain racial IQ differences is the fact that most IQ tests rely heavily oninterpersonal intelligence.
math skills.
vocabulary level.
individual responsibility.
the ability to pay attention.
Question 810 PointsYour teacher has given each student the name of a key figure in the history of psychology. The assignment is to describe at least one significant contribution made by this person. If your historical figure is Hermann Ebbinghaus, what contribution might you describe to the class?He created nonsense syllables in order to study memory in a “pure” form.
He described the limits of sensory storage.
He developed a series of memory aids that is still used by students today.
His development of the fMRI to test brain activity during memory tasks.
He discovered the parts of the brain responsible for processing memories.
Question 910 PointsA psychologist spends her entire career studying how and why changes occur in people throughout their lives. This psychologist is most likely working in the field ofgerontology.
abnormal psychology.
developmental psychology.
geriatrics
maturational studies.
Question 1010 Points________ are clusters of knowledge that provide general conceptual frameworks regarding certain topics, events, and situations.Hierarchies
Cognitive maps
Algorithms
Schemas
Prototypes
Question 1110 PointsOur ability to retain encoded material over time is known aschunking.
recall.
declarative memory.
storage.
recognition.
Question 1210 PointsWhereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child’s interaction with objects, Vygotsky attributed cognitive development tointeraction between a child and skilled people.
unconscious factors.
biological changes in the brain.
completing activities in isolation.
observational learning
Question 1310 PointsWhy did research participants in Sperling’s experiment recall so few letters stored in iconic memory?Because participants were not able to recall more than 1 or 2 of the letters during each trial.
Proactive interference reduced the effectiveness of recall.
The remaining stimuli quickly faded from iconic memory.
The stress of participating in this research became excessive.
They stopped paying attention after a few stimuli.
Question 1410 PointsWhich of the following is a serious flaw in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?The stages as a whole do not parallel Piaget’s stages.
The higher stages are not associated with education.
The lower stages have not been found in all cultures.
Moral reasoning does not predict actual behavior.
All cultures attain the stages in the same order.
Question 1510 PointsJohn learns about Michelle, a student at a state university in NY, who has blond hair, enjoys the summer, and likes the beach. John assumes she is from California (given the stereotypes about women from California) despite the fact that over 85% of students at this state university are from NY. This is best explained bydivergent thinking.
knowledge of the base rate.
convergent thinking.
algorithms.
the representativeness bias.
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