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Hello Professor and Classmates,
In this week’s discussion I have chosen to review a Case-Control Study with the Randomized Controlled Trial. Defining the Case-Control Study: This type of study design uses retrospective study that compares two groups. One with the disease and one without. The objective of a Case-Control study is to assess whether there is a statistically significant difference in exposure to define risk factor between study group and control group. Case-Control studies use Odds ratio to understand what are the odds of this case contracting a disease. Case-Control studies have advantages and disadvantages to them. The Advantages of Case-Control Studies are: results are usually fast to attain and are cost effective by design. They are helpful for rare diseases and diseases with long incubation periods. Another advantage is that Case-Control studies can study multiple disease exposures at the same time. This saves time and money in research. Some if the disadvantages of Case-Control studies are that they are prone to bias. Case-Control studies cannot assess multiple exposures to a disease. Case-Control studies are on the middle of the hierarchy of evidence.
Looking at the Randomized Controlled Trial. The design type used is experimental study where participants are randomly chosen to be treated and others in the control group. This research design helps the objective of the research which is to establish causality by comparing how effective certain treatments are. This research also has advantages and disadvantages. Some advantages are Randomized Controlled Trials are considered the Gold standard for causal inference when looking for treatments in research. Another advantage is that randomization minimizes bias. Looking at the disadvantages Randomized Controlled trails are expensive and require a lot of resources to complete. Randomized Controlled Trails are subjected to Ethical constraints due to randomization process of certain cases and the study at hand. Randomized Controlled Trails are at the top of research hierarchy of evidence due to the quality of data collected and applicable in repeated studies.
Correlation studies allow for the observation of two variables that are related in a group. Correlation helps identify how two variables relate or not to the result observed. This helps research in identifying what factors are at play in the results found or topic at research.
The Case-Control Study is in the middle of the hierarchy pyramid while Randomization Controlled trail is at the top. This means that research studies that use Randomization Controlled Trials gather better usable data that can be replicated in other settings and situations with good results.
References
Tenny S, Kerndt CC, Hoffman MR. (2023). Case Control Studies In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448143/Links to an external site.
Hariton, E., & Locascio, J. J. (2018). Randomised controlled trials – the gold standard for effectiveness research: Study design: randomised controlled trials. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 125(13), 1716. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15199
