Narrative review of the epidemiology of oral cancer risk factors in the UK and the impact of environmental exposures on oral cancer development.
Background / to grasp the significance of the research question:
Environmental factors are widely recognised as significant contributors to the development and progression of oral pre-malignant lesions to carcinoma. The most well-established factors are alcohol and tobacco smoking, but other potential exposures, such as vaping, whose impact on pre-malignant progression remains unclear. So, explore the connection between environmental factors and the development of oral cancer, discussing specific exposures such as tobacco smoke, alcohol, and certain chemicals. It could also delve into the mechanisms through which these exposures may lead to oral cancer development.
In Vitro Experimental Models for Studying Oral Cancer could focus on evaluating different environmental exposures to assess their contribution to oral cancer. There is a lot of literature on environmental exposure to respiratory that progresses to cancer, but not on oral, like the correlation between air pollution or vaping and cancer.
In this writing, I want to : 1. Perform an epidemiological study (Narrative Reviwe) of risk factors for oral cancer in the UK. 2. Then identify the environmental exposure that might prompt oral cancer ” Based on execting papers and literature”
The narrative review should be written in a clear process starting with the research question
What is the incidence and prevalence of oral cancer across various demographics and regions within the UK? What are the various environmental risk factors associated with oral cancer incidence?
Then Search Strategy: Develop a strategy for searching the literature. Include multiple databases. Identify key terms, phrases, and synonyms to ensure a comprehensive search. Determine criteria for including and excluding studies. This can be based on publication date, study design, population, and other relevant factors. (It should be clear to use PRISMA CHART.) Then Select Relevant Studies(finalise the references).
Data Extraction would be represented in the following :
“The Dahlgren-Whitehead model” (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221240/) Figure A-3. or use any available epidemiological model.
The result section identified as following the
(1) Individual factors: This innermost level includes individual characteristics such as genetics, biology, behaviour, and lifestyle choices. These factors influence health outcomes but are also influenced by higher-level determinants. (2) Interpersonal relationships: The next level includes social and interpersonal factors such as family, friends, and social networks. Social support, social norms, and social cohesion within these relationships can affect health behaviours and outcomes. (3) Community factors: This level encompasses the characteristics of the community or neighbourhood in which individuals live, including access to resources such as healthcare, education, employment opportunities, housing, transportation, and social services. Community norms, culture, and social capital also play a role in shaping health. (4) Societal factors: The outermost level includes broader societal influences such as economic, political, and environmental factors. Income inequality, social policies, environmental pollution, and access to healthcare systems are examples of societal determinants that can impact health outcomes.
I will share examples of papers that have done similar work.
In summary, I want to get an overview of the epidemiology and risk factors for oral cancer in the UK and the environmental exposure factors and chemicals. Follow the arrangement of example papers as guidance, starting from methods to the result section, and see how they performed the papers and study ( well organised).
The references depend on the inclusion and Exclusion criteria and should be clear. There is No limit for references
