Make 2 Peer Responses. These should be substantial and provide new information and ideas.
peer responce 1
Nephrotic syndrome is caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and excess water from the blood. The condition causes swelling, particularly in the feet and ankles, and increases the risk of other health problems. (Mayo Clinic. (2018).) Acute kidney failure occurs when the kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from the blood. When the kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of wastes may accumulate, and the blood’s chemical makeup may get out of balance. It develops rapidly, usually in less than a few days. (Mayo Clinic. (2020, July 23)) Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage the kidneys and decrease their ability to keep healthy by doing their jobs. If kidney disease gets worse, wastes can build to high levels in the blood and make a person feel sick. (National Kidney Foundation. (2018, March 28)
People with kidney disease need to monitor intakes of sodium, potassium, and phosphorus especially. People with kidney disease may need to control several vital nutrients. Sodium is a mineral found in salt or sodium chloride, and it is widely used in food preparation. Salt is one of the most commonly used seasonings, and it takes time to reduce the salt in their diet. However, reducing sodium is an essential tool in controlling kidney disease. When kidneys do not function properly, potassium builds up in the blood; it can cause changes in how the heart beats, possibly even leading to a heart attack. Potassium is found mainly in fruits and vegetables, plus milk and meats. You will need to avoid certain ones and limit the number of others. Potassium-rich foods to avoid: Melons such as cantaloupe and honeydew (watermelon is okay), banana, oranges and orange juice, grapefruit juice, prune juice, tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato juice, dried beans – all kinds, pumpkin, and winter squash. Phosphorus is another mineral that can build up in the blood when the kidneys do not work correctly. When this happens, calcium can be pulled from the bones and can collect in the skin or blood vessels. Bone disease can then become a problem, making it more likely to have a bone break. Dairy foods are the primary source of phosphorus in the diet, limiting milk to 1 cup per day if a person uses yogurt or cheese instead of liquid milk – only one container OR 1 ounce a day! Some vegetables also contain phosphorus. Limit these to 1 cup per WEEK: greens, broccoli, mushrooms, and Brussels sprouts. ((Renal Diet | Cleveland Clinic. (2017)) ) People with kidney disease may need to control the amount of protein, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium in their diet. If the kidney disease gets worse, a person may need to limit other nutrients as well. (Nutrition and Early Kidney Disease (Stages 1–4). (2016, January 7))
References
Mayo Clinic. (2020, July 23). Acute kidney failure – symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20369048
Mayo Clinic. (2018). Nephrotic syndrome – symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nephrotic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375608
Nutrition and Early Kidney Disease (Stages 1–4). (2016, January 7). National Kidney Foundation; https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/nutrikidfail_stage1-4
National Kidney Foundation. (2018, March 28). About Chronic Kidney Disease. National Kidney Foundation; https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/about-chronic-kidney-disease
Renal Diet | Cleveland Clinic. (2017). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15641-renal-diet-basics
peer responce 2
Nephrotic syndrome is a general definition for a collection of symptoms gained from destruction of the kidney’s basement membrane, which results in an increase in proteins being leaked into the urine. Acute kidney disease is a decrease in kidney function within 48 hours or less. Chronic kidney disease is when there is a decrease in kidney function in 3 months or longer. These patients may find it difficult to manage their diet to support their body’s needs. Some guidelines to include when providing patient teaching is to limit sodium intake to 2300 mg or less to help maintain blood pressure. If the patient also has diabetes, that must be managed carefully as well. While protein is healthy, maintaining a healthy amount per day is important. In order to maintain low fat, the nurse may suggest a Mediterranean diet. It would also be appropriate to suggest healthy portions of fruits and vegetables everyday and maintaining a healthy weight range. If the patient smokes, it is important to help cease further smoking if possible. Patients with kidney injury and disease are at particular risk for malnutrition, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities (Dudek, 503).
References
Dudek, S. G. (2022). Nutrition essentials for nursing practice. Wolters Kluwer.
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2020). Nephrotic syndrome. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nephrotic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375608#:~:text=Nephrotic%20syndrome%20is%20a%20kidney,excess%20water%20from%20your%20blood.
