Instructions:
- formatted using the questions or a phrase that summarize the question as heading. This should be bold and centered and responses to each question under the heading. You must cite in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources within the last 5 years.
- You should respond to your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Must have intext citation and one reference, and 150 words.
- All replies must be constructive and use literature.
Triggers and Clinical Types of Psoriasis
Reply to Thaiz
Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin disorder, is influenced by various triggers. These triggers, which include genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune system dysregulation, play a crucial role in developing and managing the condition (Rendon & Schäkel, 2019).
Psoriasis, a complex condition, can be triggered by various factors. These include stress, infections (such as streptococcal throat infections), trauma to the skin (e.g., scratches, sunburn), smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain medications (e.g., lithium, beta-blockers, antimalarial drugs) (Sbidian et al., 2017).
Psoriasis presents a diverse array of clinical types, each with unique characteristics. These include plaque psoriasis (most common), guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis. Plaque psoriasis, for instance, is characterized by well-defined, raised red patches covered with silvery scales (Rendon & Schäkel, 2019). Guttate psoriasis, on the other hand, appears as small, drop-like lesions scattered over the trunk, limbs, and scalp. This diversity in clinical types underscores the complexity of psoriasis (Sbidian et al., 2017).
Treatment Options for Psoriasis
When it comes to treating psoriasis, a comprehensive approach is often necessary. This can involve a range of pharmacological options, such as topical treatments (e.g., corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, calcineurin inhibitors), phototherapy (e.g., UVB therapy, PUVA therapy), systemic medications (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine, biologics), and oral retinoids. Each treatment significantly reduces inflammation, alleviates symptoms, and prevents relapses (Sbidian et al., 2017).
For K.B.’s relapse episode of generalized plaque psoriasis, a combination approach may be appropriate. Topical corticosteroids can target localized lesions, while phototherapy or systemic medications may be necessary for widespread involvement. Non-pharmacological options include lifestyle modifications (e.g., stress reduction, smoking cessation), dietary changes (e.g., avoiding triggers), and moisturizing agents to soothe dry skin (Sbidian et al., 2017).
Importance of Medication Review and Reconciliation
Medication review and reconciliation are essential in patients with psoriasis, especially during relapse episodes. Psoriasis is associated with various comorbidities, such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and mental health disorders (Rendon & Schäkel, 2019). Therefore, knowing the patient’s medication history helps identify potential exacerbating factors or drug interactions that may influence disease management and treatment outcomes.
Other Manifestations of Psoriasis
Aside from skin involvement, patients with psoriasis may experience other manifestations, including nail changes (e.g., pitting, thickening, discoloration), scalp involvement (e.g., scaling, itching), joint pain and stiffness (psoriatic arthritis), and psychological distress (e.g., depression, anxiety) (Rendon & Schäkel, 2019). These manifestations contribute to the overall burden of the disease and require comprehensive management
References
Rendon, A., & Schäkel, K. (2019). Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(6), 1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061475
Sbidian, E., et al. (2017). Treatment of psoriasis: French guidelines. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 31(4), 644-660. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14372Links to an external site.
