I’m working on a business test / quiz prep and need support to help me study.Question 212.5 PointsGalileo found “imperfections” on the Sun in the form of sunspots and “imperfections” on the Moon in the form of mountains and valleys.True
False
Question 222.5 PointsHe discovered what we now call Newton’s first law of motion.Galileo
Kepler
Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Ptolemy
Question 232.5 PointsKepler’s third law, p2 = a3, means thatAll of these are correct.
planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average speeds than nearer planets.
a planet’s period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit.
the period of a planet does not depend on its mass.
all orbits with the same semimajor axis have the same period.
Question 242.5 PointsWhat advantage did Tycho have compared to other astronomical observers of his time?Tycho was clearly much smarter.
He had access to telescopes.
He had access to a new and improved type of observatory.
Question 252.5 PointsWhat would happen if the Space Shuttle were launched with a speed greater than Earth’s escape velocity?It would take less time to reach its bound orbit.
It would orbit Earth at a faster velocity.
It would travel in a higher orbit around Earth.
It would travel away from Earth into the solar system.
It would be in an unstable orbit.
Question 262.5 PointsNewton’s version of Kepler’s third law states: p2 = × a3In this equation, what does p represent?the orbital period
the average distance between the two objects
the masses of the two objects
the universal gravitational constant
Question 272.5 PointsNewton’s version of Kepler’s third law states: p2 = × a3In this equation, what do M1 and M2 represent?the average distance between the two objects
the universal gravitational constant
the masses of the two objects
the orbital period
Question 282.5 PointsTo measure the mass of an astronomical object, one can observe the orbital period and distance of a companion.True
False
Question 292.5 PointsNewton showed that Kepler’s laws are ________.actually only three of seven distinct laws of planetary motion
natural consequences of the law of universal gravitation
seriously in error
the key to proving that Earth orbits our Sun
Question 302.5 PointsThe allowed shapes for orbits under the force of gravity areellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.
ellipses only.
ellipses and spirals.
ellipses, spirals, and parabolas.
spirals, circles, and squares.
Question 312.5 PointsHow long does it take the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun?The time it takes Earth to orbit the Sun changes significantly from one orbit to the next.
one day
one week
one month
one year
Question 322.5 PointsWhat do astronomers mean by the Big Bang?the explosion of a massive star at the end of its life
the event that marked the beginning of the expansion of the universe
the event that marked the birth of our solar system
a gigantic explosion that blew all the galaxies in the universe to smithereens
Question 332.5 PointsEarth is always exactly 1 AU from the Sun.True
False
Question 342.5 PointsAstronomers infer that the universe is expanding because distant galaxies all appear to ________.be made mostly of dark matter
rotate rapidly
be growing in size
be moving away from us, with more distant ones moving faster
Question 352.5 PointsOne of the most fundamental discoveries about the universe has been that it is expanding. “The universe is expanding” meansour estimate for the size of the universe has increased over the last century.
galaxies are growing with time.
the cosmological horizon is growing with time.
distances between most galaxies are getting larger.
Question 362.5 PointsWhen considering light as made up of individual “pieces,” each characterized by a particular amount of energy, the pieces are called ________.gamma rays
photons
frequencies
wavicles
Question 372.5 PointsWhich of the following best describes why we say that light is an electromagnetic wave?Light can be produced only by electric or magnetic appliances.
The passage of a light wave can cause electrically charged particles to move up and down.
The term electromagnetic wave arose for historical reasons, but we now know that light has nothing to do with either electricity or magnetism.
Light is produced only when massive fields of electric and magnetic energy collide with one another.
Question 382.5 PointsIf a material is transparent, then itabsorbs light well.
scatters light well.
transmits light well.
emits light well.
reflects light well.
Question 392.5 PointsAtomic nuclei consist of protons and electrons.True
False
Question 402.5 PointsThe shorter the wavelength of light, the higher its frequency.True
False
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