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Among patients with type 2 diabetes (P), how effective is application of lifestyle modifications such as physical activity and proper nutrition (I) compared to pharmacotherapy only (C) in reducing diabetes symptoms and overall management of diabetes (O) within a period of 12 months (T)?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major chronic diseases affecting various populations worldwide. It is a metabolic disease whole prevalence and incidence rates has continued to grow drastically across the world. About 422 million people globally are suffering from diabetes and new cases are diagnosed every year. Type 2 diabetes affects all populations across the world. However, ethnic minorities are the most affected populations. Ethnic minority groups have higher rates of death and illness from diabetes (Kelly, et al., 2020). This is due to the present social determinants of health in the population such as low income, low socio-economic status, poor living conditions and limited access of healthcare services.
Due to the increasing prevalence, there is need for evidence-based intervention in reducing the prevalence and incidence rates of diabetes. The aim of diabetes treatment and management is proper glycemic control and to reduce its symptoms. Reduction of symptoms can help patients continue living with their daily activities. An evidence-based intervention for proper glycemic control is lifestyle modification through proper nutrition and regular physical activity (Garcia-Molina, et al., 2020). A healthy diet includes intake of food low in calories and replacing the diet with foods rich in vitamins, minerals and other important nutrients as per recommendations by a nutritionist. Also, regular physical activity as per recommendations from healthcare professionals can help diabetic patients to stay fit.
Effective lifestyle modifications can promote better outcomes among patients through a period of one year. A healthy lifestyle is a self-management intervention that each diabetic patient should adopt especially patients from ethnic minorities. The quality of life of diabetic patients can be improved through application of lifestyle modifications. The patient can able to control their glycemic levels effectively which can reduce hospitalizations, readmission and healthcare costs involved in diabetes care.
References
Garcia-Molina, L., Lewis-Mikhael, A. M., Riquelme-Gallego, B., Cano-Ibanez, N., Oliveras-Lopez, M. J., & Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (2020). Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic control through lifestyle modification implementing diet intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of nutrition, 59(4), 1313-1328.
Kelly, J., Karlsen, M., & Steinke, G. (2020). Type 2 diabetes remission and lifestyle medicine: a position statement from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 14(4), 406-419.
