**I do not care which of the case studies you choose.**
Select
one of the case studies below for your assignment. In
your discussion, be sure to integrate your knowledge of advanced
pathophysiology across the lifespan with the clinical implications for the
advanced practice nurse
Case
Study Assignment Requirements:
Make sure all
of the topics in the case study have been addressed.
Cite at least
three references in your case study paper; this may include peer-reviewed
journal articles, textbooks, or evidence-based practice websites to
support the content.
All reference
sources must be within 5 years.
Do not use
sources such as Wikipedia or UpToDate as a reference.
Assignments
must have at least four full pages of analytic content, double-spaced (the
cover and reference pages do not count in the page count, but must be
included with the assignment), and follow APA 7th edition format.
Assignment:
Six Case Studies to Choose From (Taken from Units 1 & 2 Readings)
Case
Study 1: Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
Maria
is a sedentary, 68-year-old woman who is overweight. She complains that her
hands and feet are always cold, and she tires quickly when cleaning the house.
At her most recent visit to her doctor, her blood pressure was 184/98 mm Hg.
She has edema around her ankles and legs, and her physician is concerned about
an echocardiogram that indicates Maria has an enlarged heart.
Identify two
reasons why Maria will have tissue ischemia. How might this lead to
hypoxia?
What are the
two early and reversible changes that occur to tissue cells when they are
hypoxic?
What specific
type of cellular adaptation has taken place in Maria’s enlarged heart?
What made you come to this conclusion?
Case
Study 2: Genetic Control of Cell Function and Inheritance
Marsha
and Clement are both carriers of sickle cell anemia, a disease that is
autosomal recessive. Their first child, Amelia, does not have the disease.
Marsha and Clement are planning another pregnancy, but they are concerned about
their second child having the condition. Clement’s father died from
complications of sickle cell disease shortly before Amelia was born.
Draw a Punnett
square to determine the likelihood of Marsha and Clement having a baby
with sickle cell anemia. What is the chance the baby will be a carrier of
the disease, just like the parents?
Marsha
suggested to the nurse at the local family planning clinic that if the
baby were a boy, he might have a higher risk of developing the disease,
just like his grandfather. If you were this nurse, how would you respond?
When Amelia,
who does not have sickle cell anemia, grows up and marries someone
who does have the disease, how likely will her children
have the disease?
Case
Study 3: Genetic and Congenital Disorders
Felicity
is a very busy 29-year-old woman in a professional career. She has diabetes
mellitus and is also pregnant for the first time. Because of her busy schedule,
it was over 3 weeks after missing her menstrual cycle when she visited her
family doctor to have the pregnancy confirmed. Felicity became very concerned
when her physician asked if she had been taking folic acid. It was all Felicity
could do to remember to manage her insulin levels, and taking folic acid
supplements was something she had not even considered. Her doctor told her to
take 600 μg of folic acid daily and advised Felicity to return later for
maternal serum marker testing.
Explain the
potential teratogenic effect of folic acid deficiency on the developing
fetus. What other risk factor is noteworthy in Felicity’s case?
What is the
benefit of maternal serum marker testing? What other test would be
particularly useful to monitor the development of Felicity’s baby in this
situation?
When is the
fetus most vulnerable to the effects of teratogens and why?
Case
Study 4: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing
Carlton,
a 6-year-old boy, was playing on a sandy beach with his mother. He began to run
along the shoreline when he stepped on the sharp edge of a shell, giving
himself a deep cut on his foot. His mother washed his foot in the lake and put
on his running shoe to take him home. One day later, Carlton’s foot looked
worse. The gash was red and painful. The foot was warm to touch and appeared
swollen. Carlton’s mom put some gauze over the wound and prepared to take him
to the local community health clinic.
What is the
physiologic mechanism causing the wound to become red, hot, swollen, and
painful? How is this different from the inflammatory response that might
occur in an internal organ?
What are the
immunologic events that are happening at the local level during Carlton’s
acute inflammatory response?
Nutrition plays
an important factor in wound healing. What stages of wound healing would
be affected by a deficiency in vitamins A and C?
Case
Study 5: Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Melissa
is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week, she had been feeling
tired and found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend
had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even
drink. Melissa was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On
Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical
exam, he told Melissa that the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck, and she
had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Melissa he thought she had
mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest.
Innate and
adaptive immune defenses work collectively in destroying invasive
microorganisms. What is the interaction between macrophages and T
lymphocytes during the presentation of antigen?
Melissa’s
illness is caused by a virus. Where are type I interferons produced, and
why are they important in combating viral infections?
Humoral
immunity involves the activation of B lymphocytes and production of
antibodies. What are the general mechanisms of action that make antibodies
a key component of an immune response?
Before
finalizing your work, it is important to:
Review Case
Study Assignment Requirements (described above) and the Case Study
Assignment Grading Rubric (under the Course Resources), to ensure you have
completed all required elements of the assignment.
Make sure to
review your chosen case study carefully to make sure you have effectively
answered all questions asked.
Utilize
spelling and grammar checks to minimize errors.
Follow the conventions
of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.).
Make sure your
assignment is original, insightful, and utilizes your logic and critical
thinking skills; that your assignment is well-organized, with superior
content, style, and mechanics.
Utilize APA 7th
edition format.
Be diligent
about APA formatting including paraphrasing and direct quotations,
utilizing appropriate in-text citations, and referencing your sources.
