FINAL PAPER OUTLINE
▄ Under the INTRODUCTION,” define the term “civilization” and provide a brief analysis of the characteristic features of the term, and the underlying themes of African Civilization,” which were factors leading to the rise of kingdoms, empires, states, and city-states in Africa.
▄ Under PART ONE, discuss in general about the early migration and settlements of African societies and communities, thus leading to the emergence of the Four main societies – Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo, and Khoisan communities,
▄ Under PART TWO, discuss about the rise of these Kingdoms/ Empires/ States/ City-States, by first choosing THREE (3) Regions (North/Northeast, West, East, Central, and Southern regions) and second, selecting SIX (6) Kingdoms/ Empires/ States/ City-States, with two coming from one Region.
▄ Under the SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION, you should first summarize what has been discussed so far, and then conclude finally with your own experience in learning about the emergence of these kingdoms, states, and empires and how that comes to underly the idea of “civilization.”
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THE INTRODUCTION
“Civilization” – The Definition and Characteristic Features of the term; ● The Underlying Themes of Africa Civilization; ● The Definition and the general characteristic features of the term “Decentralized Societies/ Communities;” ● The Definition of the General Characteristic Features of the Centralized Kingdoms/ Empires/ States/ City-States.
PART ONE
EARLY MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT OF SOCIETIES
The Emergence and Migration of People in the continent; ● The Early First Major Linguistic groups, their settlement, and their expansion; ● The Formation and Establishment of Societies and Communities; ● Final Settlements and Expansion of the diverse Societies; ● The Final Development of New Stateless/ Decentralized Communities/ Societies in few settled areas.
STATELESS/ DECENTRALIZED SOCIETIES AND COMMUNITIES
Early Afro-Asiatic/ Afrasian Societies and Communities
Characteristic Features of the Early Afro-Asiatic Societies and Communities; ● Their Early Political Systems (leadership, chieftaincy, etc.); ● Their Early Economic Systems (hunting-gathering, farming, fishing, etc.); ● Their Early Social Structures (families, kinships, lineage-clans, communities, etc.) ● Their Early Cultural Systems (beliefs, system of thoughts, worldviews, etc.).
Early Nilo-Saharan Societies and Communities
Characteristic Features of the Early Nilo-Saharan Societies and Communities; ● Their Early Political Systems (leadership, chieftaincy, etc.); ● Their Early Economic Systems (hunting-gathering, farming, fishing, etc.); ● Their Early Social Structures (families, kinships, lineage-clans, communities, etc.) ● Their Early Cultural Systems (beliefs, system of thoughts, worldviews, etc.).
Early Niger-Congo Societies and Communities
Characteristic Features of the Early Niger-Congo Societies and Communities; ● Their Early Political Systems (leadership, chieftaincy, etc.); ● Their Early Economic Systems (hunting-gathering, farming, fishing, etc.); ● Their Early Social Structures (families, kinships, lineage-clans, communities, etc.) ● Their Early Cultural Systems (beliefs, system of thoughts, worldviews, etc.).
Early Khoisan Societies and Communities
Characteristic Features of the Early Khoisan Societies and Communities; ● Their Early Political Systems (leadership, chieftaincy, etc.); ● Their Early Economic Systems (hunting-gathering, farming, fishing, etc.); ● Their Early Social Structures (families, kinships, lineage-clans, communities, etc.) ● Their Early Cultural Systems (beliefs, system of thoughts, worldviews, etc.).
PART TWO
KINGDOMS/ EMPIRES/ STATES/ CITY-STATES
{REGION A…}
(1) Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State
The Name of the Ethnic group that established the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The larger Linguistic Family to which the ethnic group belongs, and the Characteristic Features that define the people; ● Factors leading the emergence of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● Their Political systems, and how they were organized (e.g., government, legal system, military, etc.); ● Their Economic Systems, and how they are controlled (e.g., marking and trading, import-export system, trans-local and regional trade, etc.); ● Their Social Systems (e.g., clans-lineages, descent, and heritage, etc.); and Cultural and Artistic Traditions (e.g., religion, arts, etc.); ● The rise and expansion of the kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The decline of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State, and factors leading to the decline.
(2) Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State
The Name of the Ethnic group that established the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The larger Linguistic Family to which the ethnic group belongs, and the Characteristic Features that define the people; ● Factors leading the emergence of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● Their Political systems, and how they were organized (e.g., government, legal system, military, etc.); ● Their Economic Systems, and how they are controlled (e.g., marking and trading, import-export system, trans-local and regional trade, etc.); ● Their Social Systems (e.g., clans-lineages, descent, and heritage, etc.); and Cultural and Artistic Traditions (e.g., religion, arts, etc.); ● The rise and expansion of the kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The decline of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State, and factors leading to the decline.
{REGION B…}
(3) Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State
The Name of the Ethnic group that established the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The larger Linguistic Family to which the ethnic group belongs, and the Characteristic Features that define the people; ● Factors leading the emergence of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● Their Political systems, and how they were organized (e.g., government, legal system, military, etc.); ● Their Economic Systems, and how they are controlled (e.g., marking and trading, import-export system, trans-local and regional trade, etc.); ● Their Social Systems (e.g., clans-lineages, descent, and heritage, etc.); and Cultural and Artistic Traditions (e.g., religion, arts, etc.); ● The rise and expansion of the kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The decline of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State, and factors leading to the decline.
(4) Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State
The Name of the Ethnic group that established the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The larger Linguistic Family to which the ethnic group belongs, and the Characteristic Features that define the people; ● Factors leading the emergence of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● Their Political systems, and how they were organized (e.g., government, legal system, military, etc.); ● Their Economic Systems, and how they are controlled (e.g., marking and trading, import-export system, trans-local and regional trade, etc.); ● Their Social Systems (e.g., clans-lineages, descent, and heritage, etc.); and Cultural and Artistic Traditions (e.g., religion, arts, etc.); ● The rise and expansion of the kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The decline of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State, and factors leading to the decline.
{REGION C…}
(5) Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State
The Name of the Ethnic group that established the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The larger Linguistic Family to which the ethnic group belongs, and the Characteristic Features that define the people; ● Factors leading the emergence of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● Their Political systems, and how they were organized (e.g., government, legal system, military, etc.); ● Their Economic Systems, and how they are controlled (e.g., marking and trading, import-export system, trans-local and regional trade, etc.); ● Their Social Systems (e.g., clans-lineages, descent, and heritage, etc.); and Cultural and Artistic Traditions (e.g., religion, arts, etc.); ● The rise and expansion of the kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The decline of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State, and factors leading to the decline.
(6) Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State
The Name of the Ethnic group that established the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The larger Linguistic Family to which the ethnic group belongs, and the Characteristic Features that define the people; ● Factors leading the emergence of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● Their Political systems, and how they were organized (e.g., government, legal system, military, etc.); ● Their Economic Systems, and how they are controlled (e.g., marking and trading, import-export system, trans-local and regional trade, etc.); ● Their Social Systems (e.g., clans-lineages, descent, and heritage, etc.); and Cultural and Artistic Traditions (e.g., religion, arts, etc.); ● The rise and expansion of the kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State; ● The decline of the Kingdom/ Empire/ State/ City-State, and factors leading to the decline.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Briefly summarize all that have been discussed so far, especially about the six countries under Part 2 of the Case Study. Conclude – from your own experience and the knowledge that you’ve acquired – how all these developments that occurred in African can be defined as civilization. Also, confirm how you think all these factors – the early forms of food-gathering and food-production; social and political systems; trade, commerce, and urbanization; scientific and technological innovations; religious and cultural traditions; and arts and architecture – contributed to the emerge of the kingdoms, empires, states, and city-states, that you have discussed.
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REOUIREMENTS
REOUIREMENTS
Organization: (a) Introduction, Main Body of the Essay (Part 1 & Part 2), and Summary and Conclusion
(b) Topics and Sub-topics are required. They should contain well-typed information in Double-Space format.
Extra Information: Pictures, Maps, Figures, Plates
Examples on Ethnic/Socia1 groups under the selected kingdoms, states, etc.
Citations: Any citation within the essays should be as follows: Author’s Last Name; the Year of publication, and the Pages of the quotation.
Bibliography: The MLA Style format should be used and listed at the end of the entire Paper. (The Citations must be arranged in the following order: Books; Articles; Journals; Websites; Lecture Notes; and Interviews).
