Discussion 1
1. Explain the concept of azotemia (including prerenal, renal, and postrenal), causes, and diagnostic measures used to identify each.
2. Identify and discuss the pathophysiology underlying one pediatric urological disorder.
3. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.
Discussion 2
1. A patient presents with flank pain. You suspect renal calculi. What is the pathophysiological reason for development of renal calculi and associated treatment considerations to rid renal stones and prevent future development of others?
2. Explain the common conditions associated with proteinuria and hematuria. Discuss the rationale for potential complications.