Argumentative Research Essay
4-5 pages
5 Sources as an Annotated Bibliography
5 quote and in text citations minimum
The topic has to be of societal significance
1. Identify the Problem
What is the problem, issue, or question you are addressing?
Who or what is involved in the issue?
What are the causes?
What are the various sides of the issue?
1. Analyze the Effects
Who or what is affected?
What is the extent of the effects?
1. Propose a Solution
Show how to improve the problem
Or
Show how the problem needs to be viewed, appreciated and understood
Modern Structure
1. Intro
2. Body
3. Conclusion
Preacher’s Maxim
Tell them what you’re going to say
Say it
Tell them what you just said
Classical Argumentation
Purpose = prove you’re right and destroy the other argument
1. Intro
Capture audience’s attention
Introduce the issue and show exigence
(the problem that creates the need to respond)
Why this is an issue and why it needs attention
1. Background
Context and info necessary to understanding your argument.
Consider the circumstances and conditions
1. Proposition
Your thesis, evidence and reasons
1. Proof
Body paragraphs (3-6)
Reasons, subclaims, citations
1. Refutation
Counterargument
Outline the other argument, and then show how it is flawed or erroneous.
1. Conclusion
Summarize the thesis and your points.
Make your audience empathize the point view and perhaps a call to action
Rogerian Model
Purpose = compromise, but you welcome a victory
1. Intro
State the problem and show change is possible
1. Summary of opposing view in a neutral tone (shows knowledge and empathy for the enemy)
1. Statement of Understanding/Validity
Show conditions and circumstances in which you can agree with the opposing point of view (show opposing view(s) are not completely invalid and have legitimacy)
1. Statement of Position
Your thesis with evidence, reasons, etc..
1. Statement of Contexts
Body paragraphs (3-6)
Shows the reasons why your view is correct and how it should be viewed
1. Statement of Benefits
Appealing to the self interest of the opposition and showing the benefit of considering and accepting your thesis
