Answer the following questions and label them. You can use the attached text to find answers if needed. NUMBER EACH ANSWER (1-25)
1. ____theory typically is an explanation of crime that attempts to merge the insights from two or more theories into a single framework
2. Thornberry’s Interactional Theory integrated social control and social learning theories to discuss how variables can have reciprocal effects. True or False?
3. In the social development model, Hawkins and Catalano argued that structural location, individual characteristics, and external constraints all function together to send young people on either a ___ pathway or an ___ pathway.
4. Farington believed that a person’s antisocial potential is something that this person carries with them throughout their life. True or False?
5. Which theory would best explain the short term aspects of anti-social potential in Farrington’s theory?(Pick as many options that are correct) Social Learning Theory, Control Theory, Strain Theory, Routine Activity Theory
6. Which of the following are elements of LT AP in Farington’s ICAP theory? (Pick as many options that are correct) Attachment to parents, Healthy family life, Poverty, Dangerous neighborhood, Cost/benefit, i.e punishment, Opportunities, Victims
7. Research has shown that nearly all antisocial children develop into serious or chronic criminals during adolescence. True or False?
8. Gottredson and Hirschi believed that events in people’s teenage years, such as being a part of deviant peer groups and failing out of school, were the root causes of crime.True or False?
9. Patterson’s theory of anti-social behavior considers dysfunctional parenting to be a major cause of crime. True or False?
10. Partterson et al. argued that coercive families had nothing to do with social disadvantages such as unemployment or family violence. True or False?
11. Patterson and Yoerger (1997) argue that late onset delinquents are more likely to continue to engage in crime throughout their lives than early onset delinquents. True or False?
12. Which of the following are examples of adolescent antisocial conduct being motivated by the maturity gap(Pick as many options that are correct): Breaking a curfew, Smoking marijuana, Teenage pregnancy, Completing homework
13. Give an example of social capital and how it may relate to crime:
14. Sampson and Laub acknowledged that individuals do not exist in a vacuum but rather exist within a structural context, itself shaped by larger historical and macro-level forces. True or False?
15. If, as Sampson and Laub argue, strong social bonds help offenders to stop committing crimes – would incarceration increase or decrease their likelihood of offending? Explain why:
16. Sampson and Laub found that very few high-rate offenders eventually stop committing crimes. True or False?
17. Which of the following did Laub and Sampson conclude about the process of desistance during adulthood(Pick as many options that are correct): Marriage and employment cut offenders off from deviant associates, When offenders have a lot invested in their new way of life, deviance becomes less logical to them, Offenders own choices play a role in their desistance from crime, Offenders’ childhoods determine whether or not they will desist from crime
18. Laub and Sampson believed that human agency is rooted in human nature and early socialization. True or False?
19. Offenders who ascribed to a “condemnation script” did not express a desire to commit crimes but instead felt powerless to stop because of circumstances beyond their control.True or False?
20. Which of the following could be examples of a “redemption script”(Pick as many options that are correct): Previous crimes were not part of the ”real me”, Past mistakes made me stronger, I can change my life, I know that I’m going to end up back in jail anyways
21. While Maruna thought structural turning points like marriage and employment primarily led people to stop committing crimes, Sampson and Laub attributed desistance to large shifts in people’s overall thinking. True or False?
22. Which of the following are elements of Giodano et al’s theory of cognitive shifts?(Pick as many options that are correct) Offenders must be open to change, Offenders must find ways to avoid getting caught for the crimes they commit, Offenders must be able to envision a new sense of self, Offenders must no longer see criminal behaviors as positive or relevant
23. Giordano, Maruna, and Laub and Sampson all theorized that offenders are active participants in their paths in life. True or False?
24. Paternoster and Bushway contend that desistance from crime is typically the result of a quick and dramatic shift in people’s identities. True or False?
25. Research has shown that early intervention programs are both cost-effective and that they reduce future offending. True or False?
