Identify whether the hypotheses listed here are simple or complex, directional or nondirectional, or statistical (null) or research (alternative).
a. There is a relationship between self-efficacy and uncertainty among patients with sickle cell disease.
b. With the use of an imagery protocol for children with asthma, lower levels of dyspnea and use of fewer pharmacological agents are reported as compared with children with asthma who do not receive imagery protocol.
c. Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy who are enrolled in the nursing telephone intervention group have higher hope scores than do patients with cancer in the control group who receive the standard nursing care.
d. There is no difference in attitude among junior and senior baccalaureate nursing students toward caring for patients with AIDS.
2. Identify the independent and dependent variables in each of the following hypotheses:
a. Children with cancer who have a high sense of humor have greater immune function and less incidence of infections as compared with children with a low sense of humor.
b. Attitude and perceived control significantly predict the intention of patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes to enroll in a diabetes education program.
c. Patients with spinal cord injury treated on the kinetic treatment table have a decreased length of stay in the neurointensive-care unit as compared with patients with spinal cord injury who are immobilized on the Stryker frame/wedge turning device.
d. There is a difference in the intensity, quality, and location of chest pain in patients who have had internal mammary artery grafting following coronary artery bypass surgery as compared with patients who have had only saphenous vein grafting.
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