QUESTION 1 The purpose of using a stability criterion in baseline designs i

 

QUESTION 1

1. The purpose of using a stability criterion in baseline designs is tohelp assure that the baseline has reached a steady state before introducing the next phase.statistically adjust scores from deviant subjects.eliminate deviant subjects from your experiment.

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QUESTION 2

1. You conduct a single-subject experiment to see whether you can reduce disruptive behavior in a third-grade child by ignoring instances of talking out of turn. You first observe the child s behavior under normal conditions and then after his teacher has been instructed to ignore the child when he talks out of turn. You find that his talking out of turn is reduced when it is ignored. According to the text,you can safely conclude that your treatment was the only variable that was affecting the child s talking out of turn.you can conclude that the effect of your treatment is only temporary.you cannot safely conclude that your treatment was the cause of the change in behavior because your treatment is confounded with time.

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QUESTION 3

1. _________designs are single-subject designs in which the independent variable is varied continuously.BaselineDynamicDiscrete trialMultiple baseline

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QUESTION 4

1. If you focus on how behavior changes immediately following a change in the value of an independent variable, you are studyingsteady-state behavior.statistical noise.behavioral dynamics.behavioral statistics.

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QUESTION 5

1. Intersubject replication helps establish the ________ of data from a single-subject experiment.usefulnessgeneralitystatistical reliabilitypower

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QUESTION 6

1. In a single-subject baseline design, you expose your subject to each treatment at least twice. This is an example of ________ replication.intrasubjectintersubjectreversalwithin-groups

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QUESTION 7

1. In the ________ design, subjects receive each treatment condition of the experiment dozens or perhaps hundreds of times.baselinereversalmultiple-baselinediscrete trials

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QUESTION 8

1. In the single-subject approach, uncontrolled variability is handledby averaging across subjects within groups.statistically after the experiment is over.by ignoring it.by identifying its sources and exerting tight experimental control over them.

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QUESTION 9

1. Unsystematic within-phase baseline variability can be controlled byusing multiple baselines.using intersubject replication.using intrasubject replication.identifying and controlling extraneous variables.

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QUESTION 10

1. In a baseline design, the phase of an experiment during which the treatment is introduced is called the ________ phase.experimentaltreatmentbaselineintervention

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QUESTION 11

1. A single-subject design in which you have the pattern baseline-treatment-baseline-treatment is called a(n) ________ design.ABABABAmultiple-baselinediscrete trials

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QUESTION 12

1. Drifting baselines are indicated bywild variation in baseline behavior within a baseline phase.an inability to stabilize a baseline against slow, systematic changes.failure to achieve intersubject replication.

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QUESTION 13

1. If you cannot return a subject s behavior to pretreatment levels during a reversal phase of a baseline experiment, you havean unrecoverable baseline.unsystematic within-phase baseline variability.a drifting baseline.

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QUESTION 14

1. The general format of a baseline experiment is toobserve the behavior of several subjects only once.observe behavior in the absence of a treatment and then introduce the treatment and observe behavior again.assign one subject to each of the treatment groups in an experiment and observe the behavior of each subject.assign several subjects to a treatment group and other subjects to a control group but look at individual data rather than grouped data.

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QUESTION 15

1. Using multiple levels of an independent variable in a single-subject experiment is a problem becausethere are no statistical tests that can be applied to the resulting data.subjects may tire too quickly to allow for complete replication.usually single-subject research has too few subjects to allow for adequate counterbalancing.

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QUESTION 16

1. A drawback to the single-subject approach is thatsometimes it takes several days to reach a stability criterion.sometimes identifying sources of error variance is difficult.you cannot adequately test the reliability of your results.you cannot adequately test the generality of your results.

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QUESTION 17

1. If the desired level of control over variables is not possible in a single-subject design, some researchers advocategiving up on doing the experiment.using a baseline rather than a discrete trials design.using statistics.

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QUESTION 18

1. Those who advocate using inferential statistics with data from single-subject designsbelieve that statistics should replace replication to establish reliability.believe that statistics should be used only when intersubject replication is not possible.do not want to replace control over variables with statistical techniques.believe that control over variables should be replaced by statistical control.

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