For this assignment, you will read a few example studies and try to figure out the null and alternative hypotheses, and what the type I and type Il errors would be in those situations.
Here’s an Example to give you an idea about what you’ll be doing: A researcher is interested in testing whether a new therapy for adolescent depression works to reduce depression. He measures depression before and after the therapy and he expects depression levels to decrease after therapy.
Hypotheses:
Null Hypothesis: Ho: depression after therapy > depression before therapy (in other words, depression is the same or worse after therapy than it was before therapy);
Alternative Hypothesis: H1: depression after therapy Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
C-Ho: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments ≤ Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
D-Ho: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments # Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
E-Ho: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments ≥ Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
F-Ho: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
2- What is the alternative hypothesis for scenario A? Pay attention to whether it is directional or non-directional
A-H1: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments > Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
B-H1: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft
assignments = Interest in coding in classroom
without Minecraft assignments
C-H1: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments ≤ Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
D-H1: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments < Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
E-H1: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments ≥ Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments
F-H1: Interest in coding in classroom with Minecraft assignments # Interest in coding in classroom without Minecraft assignments.
3- What would be a type I error for Scenario A?
4- What would be a type II error for Scenario A?
Scenario B. A researcher is interested in examining whether advertisements aimed at evoking an emotional response are more persuasive than humorous advertisements. She randomly assigns participants to either view a sad ad that is designed to make participants feel emotional or a funny ad that is designed to make participants laugh. She then measures participants' interest in purchasing the product and expects that the sad ads will be more persuasive than the funny ads. Is this a directional or non-directional hypothesis?
6- What is the null hypothesis for scenario B?
7- What is the alternative hypothesis for scenario B?
8-What would be a type I error for scenario В?
A-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were not more persuasive than the funny ads, when in reality the sad ads were more persuasive.
B-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were more persuasive, when in reality the sad ads were more persuasive than the funny ads.
C-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were more persuasive than the funny ads, when in reality there was no difference between them.
D-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were not more persuasive than the funny ads, when in reality there was no difference between them
9-What would be a type Il error for scenario В?
A-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were more persuasive than the funny ads, when in reality there was no difference between them.
B-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were not more persuasive than the funny ads, when in reality there was no difference between them
C-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were not more persuasive than the funny ads, when in reality the sad ads were more persuasive.
D-The researcher concludes that the sad advertisements were more persuasive, when in reality the sad ads were more persuasive than the funny ads.
Scenario C. David sees an ad for a nutritional supplement (called MightySighty) that promises to improve your eyesight. He decides to test this. He measures his vision before he uses the supplement and again 6 months after. Is this a directional or non-directional hypothesis?
11-What is the null hypothesis for scenario C?
A-Ho: David's vision will be the same or worse after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
B-Ho: David's vision will be the same after he starts using MightySighty as it was before he used it.
C-Ho: David's vision will be better after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
D-Ho: David's vision will be the same or better after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
E-Ho:David's vision will be worse after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
12-What is the alternative hypothesis for scenario C?
A-H1: David's vision will be worse after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
B-H1:David's vision will be the same after he starts using MightySighty as it was before he used it.
C-H1:David's vision will be the same or better after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
D-H1:David's vision will be the same or worse after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
E-H1: David's vision will be better after he starts using MightySighty than it was before he used it.
13- What would be a Type I error for scenario C?
14- What would be a type II error for scenario C?
Scenario D. A researcher is interested in examining whether the number of college students who vape has changed since 2020. Should we test this using a directional or non-directional hypothesis?
16-What is the null hypothesis for scenario D?
Ho: The number of college students who vape has decreased since 2020.
A-Ho: The number of college students who vape has not changed since 2020.
B-Ho: The number of college students who vape has increased since 2020.
C-Ho: The number of college students who vape has changed since 2020.
D-Ho: The number of college students who vape has stayed the same or decreased since 2020.
17-Scenario D. A researcher is interested in examining whether rates of academic misconduct among college students have changed since the pandemic has ended. What is the alternative hypothesis for this scenario?
A-H1: The number of college students who vape has not changed since 2020.
B-H1:The number of college students who vape has
increased since 2020.
C-H1: The number of college students who vape has stayed the same or decreased since 2020.
D-H1: The number of college students who vape has decreased since 2020.
E-H1: The number of college students who vape has changed since 2020.
18- What is a type l error for scenario D?
A-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has changed, when in reality it has increased.
B-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has not changed, when in reality it has stayed the same.
C-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has changed, when in reality it has not changed.
D-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has not changed, when in reality it has changed.
19-What is a type Il error for scenario D?
A-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has not changed, when in reality it has stayed the same.
B-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has changed, when in reality it has not changed.
C-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has changed, when in reality it has increased.
D-The researcher concludes that the number of students who vape has not changed, when in reality it has changed.
20- create your own "Example Experiment" similar to the questions in the Individual Assignment. This can be about any topic you want. Take a look back at the individual assignment # 9 if you want some examples. Please write your own answers to this question, copying and pasting from the internet to get the answer will not be acceptable.
