Term paper length: 2500 words – double spaced, 12-point font – APA or MLA style.
The Term Paper must include the following:
Introduction of the topic
Thesis argument/statement
Body of the paper using Inductive Reasoning (reasons and evidence)
Conclude by restating thesis with conclusions formed (agreement or contrary supported by evidence in the paper)
And a strongly worded closing statement.
Give correctly referenced references (APA style or Chicago style)
FINAL PAPER IS DUE last day of class and handed into the professor June 20th.
No paper via email will be accepted. 5 points will be taken off for each day that you are late in handing in your paper.
Evaluation:
Knowledge of Topic: This is reflected in the content of your paper and is demonstrated by the extent of your research and the way in which it is presented (i.e., does your understanding of the topic and the ideas you present make sense?).
Organization, Comprehension, and Coherence: This is similar to knowledge but goes a step further in assessing your ability to use your knowledge of the subject to construct a strong, well-argued and coherent point of view about the topic.
How well do you use knowledge of the subject and your own ideas to construct a thoughtful, well-argued paper?
Style: This criterion assesses your writing ability. I look for good use of grammar and punctuation as well as an absence of spelling errors and a developing academic style. Regardless of how good your ideas and your knowledge base, they are lost if the paper itself is a struggle to read. Keep in mind, as well, that you are writing for someone other than me. Don’t assume I know what you’re talking about or that I hold your point of view. Ensure APA/MLA style accuracy and usage.
Proper Referencing, Use of Secondary Sources: This refers to your appropriate use of and reference to other academic sources, studies, articles, and so on. In part it connects to style but it also assesses your ability to incorporate other ideas, writing and research (including anything original you do such as interviews, etc.) into your paper and your attribution (i.e., referencing) of these ideas.
The topic: Title: Navigating Dual Identities: The Role of Racial Discrimination in the Transnational Lives of Indian Immigrants in Canada
Abstract: This paper explores the dual identities of Indian immigrants in Canada and how they navigate these identities amid racial discrimination. It investigates how transnational practices help maintain connections with their homeland while adapting to life in Canada, and how these practices are influenced by and respond to racial discrimination. Additionally, the paper examines how these experiences are affected by and affect Canadian multiculturalism policies.
Thesis Statement: The experience of racial discrimination compels Indian immigrants in Canada to develop transnational practices that help them balance their dual identities, impacting their cultural preservation, social networks, economic integration, and interaction with multiculturalism policies.
Instructions: Write a 2500-word academic paper using open-source academic journals, articles, and research papers. Do not use opinion-based or news websites (such as CBC, CNN, etc.).
Your paper should include:
Introduction:
Provide a broad overview of the topic.
Clearly state the thesis argument.
Body:
Use inductive reasoning to present reasons and evidence.
Discuss the economic, health, psychological, and work-related impacts of racial discrimination.
Introduce the concept of reactive transnationalism and its relevance to the Indian immigrant experience.
Explore how Indian immigrants’ transnational practices are influenced by and respond to racial discrimination.
Examine the role of Canadian multiculturalism policies in shaping and being shaped by these experiences.
Conclusion:
Restate the thesis.
Summarize the key findings and conclusions drawn from the evidence.
End with a strong closing statement.
Annotated Bibliography:
Provide an annotated bibliography of 7-10 texts reviewed.
Each annotation should be at least 5-7 lines.
Guidelines:
In-text Citation: Use APA 7 for all references.
Annotated Bibliography: Include correctly referenced sources (APA or Chicago style).
Critical Examination: Critically examine the impact of racial discrimination on the transnational practices of Indian immigrants in Canada.
Open-source Documents: Use provided PDFs and other open-source documents to support your arguments.
Direct Citations: Incorporate direct citations and links to your sources within the essay.
Structure: Follow the structure of an actual research paper with flowing paragraphs and no subheadings.
Consistency: Ensure all resources and references are consistently cited using APA style in-text citations, avoiding footnotes.
Contextual Notes:
Start with a general introduction and include economic, health, psychological, and work-related aspects.
Discuss reactive transnationalism and its implications.
Gradually focus more deeply on the social aspects of navigating dual identities amid racial discrimination.
Examine how multiculturalism policies in Canada impact and are impacted by the transnational practices of Indian immigrants.
Incorporate historical context to introduce the Indian perspective.
Remember:
The paper should be structured properly and make sense overall.
List all sources used and ensure proper citation throughout the paper.
The 2500-word count does not include the annotated bibliography.
Midterm/Strated work:
Introduction
The transnational practices of South Asian immigrants from India in Canada are deeply intertwined with the realities of racial discrimination. This paper explores the dual identities of Indian South Asian immigrants in Canada and how they navigate these identities amid racial discrimination. It investigates how transnational practices help maintain connections with their homeland while adapting to life in Canada, and how these practices are influenced by and respond to racial discrimination. The experience of racial discrimination compels South Asian immigrants in Canada to develop transnational practices that help them balance their dual identities, impacting their cultural preservation, social networks, and economic integration.
OR
Indian immigrants in Canada, a significant part of the country’s multicultural mosaic, face unique challenges in navigating their dual identities. These challenges are often compounded by experiences of racial discrimination, which influence how they maintain connections with their homeland while adapting to life in Canada. This paper explores how racial discrimination impacts the transnational practices of Indian immigrants and how these practices help them balance their dual identities. By examining the economic, health, psychological, and work-related impacts of racial discrimination, the concept of reactive transnationalism, and the role of Canadian multiculturalism policies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Indian immigrant experience in Canada.
Literature Review
Transnationalism refers to the processes by which immigrants create and sustain multi-stranded social relations that link together their societies of origin and settlement. (Basch, Schiller, & Blanc 1994:6) (Vertovec 1999). Research on South Asian diasporas in Canada reveals a multifaceted interaction between transnational practices and racial discrimination. The term “South Asian” itself is a colonial construct that has been racialized in Canada, affecting how immigrants are perceived and treated (2005, Ghosh)(2013,Walton-Roberts). This racialization influences the census data collection and public policy, which often fails to capture the diversity of ethnicities within the South Asian community.
The concept of reactive transnationalism, as discussed by (Itzigsohn and Giorguli-Saucedo, 2002), provides a framework for understanding how South Asian immigrants respond to racial discrimination by maintaining strong ties with their homelands. “Reactive transnationalism refers to the increase in transnational activity and identification among migrants and their descendants with the homeland due to negative experiences, such as discrimination and low status, in the receiving country (Itzigsohn and Giorguli-Saucedo, 2002).”
For Indian immigrants in Canada, engaging in transnational practices can serve as a coping mechanism to counteract the negative effects of racial discrimination. These practices include maintaining social ties with family and friends in India, remitting money to support relatives, participating in cultural practices, religious observances, and social networks that provide support and a sense of community in the face of exclusion and marginalization in Canada.
back home.
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Social Factors and Racial Discrimination
While racial discrimination can manifest in various domains, such as employment, healthcare, and social interactions, it is essential to examine the social factors that contribute to and perpetuate this discrimination. Social factors encompass the cultural, historical, and structural elements that shape the experiences of South Asian immigrants in Canada.
In my opinion, one significant social factor is the legacy of colonialism and its impact on the perception and treatment of South Asian communities. The colonial narrative often portrayed South Asians as inferior and subjected them to discriminatory policies and practices. This historical context has contributed to the perpetuation of stereotypes and biases that continue to influence the experiences of South Asian immigrants in Canada.
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Transnational practices among South Asian immigrants are significantly influenced by the need to manage family welfare and care responsibilities across borders. Split family arrangements, where some members remain in the country of origin while others migrate, are common. This necessitates the maintenance of transnational ties to facilitate intergenerational care and support, shaping the transnational practices of South Asian immigrants in Canada. South Asian women, in particular, navigate complex expectations related to family obligations and individual aspirations. The negotiation of these roles often involves transnational caregiving, where women manage responsibilities across borders, balancing the demands of their families in Canada and their countries of origin. (Chaze, 2015) highlights how these dynamics are essential for maintaining cultural continuity and providing emotional support in the face of racial discrimination.
(Sandeep Agrawal, 2012) highlights that South Asian sub-groups, particularly Bangladeshis and Pakistanis, face significant labor market discrimination, resulting in lower returns on their human capital post-migration. This economic marginalization often compels immigrants to engage in transnational economic activities, such as remittances and investments in their countries of origin, as a form of economic security and identity preservation. Research by the Poverty Action Lab (Philip Oreopoulos, 2023) found substantial discrimination against applicants with foreign names, with resumes featuring English-sounding names receiving more callbacks than those with Indian, Pakistani, or Greek names. This discrimination extends to the devaluation of foreign education and work experience, further marginalizing South Asian immigrants in the Canadian labor market.
Navigating racial discrimination in Canada often prompts South Asian immigrants to negotiate their identities, balancing their ethnic identities with the pressures to assimilate into the dominant culture. This process involves selectively adopting and rejecting cultural practices, values, and norms from both their heritage and the host society, resulting in the formation of hybrid identities. The struggle for identity formation is particularly pronounced among second-generation South Asians, who must reconcile their parents’ cultural expectations with their own experiences in Canada (Ullah, 2024).
Moreover, within the South Asian diaspora in Canada, caste-based discrimination persists, adding another layer of complexity to the challenges faced by immigrants. Casteism intersects with racial discrimination, creating dual exclusions that complicate the integration process and identity negotiation for affected individuals. This issue highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of the internal dynamics within the South Asian community and the broader societal context.
The experiences of South Asian immigrants are also shaped by their interactions with Canadian immigration policies. (Agrawal, 2012) notes that changes in immigration policy, such as increased selectivity and temporariness, have influenced the composition and experiences of the South Asian diaspora. These policies often prioritize certain types of immigrants, which can worsen existing inequalities within the South Asian community.
Conclusions/Findings
So far, the findings suggest that racial discrimination significantly shapes the transnational practices of South Asian immigrants in Canada. These practices, in turn, influence their social and economic integration, identity formation, and family dynamics. Transnational practices offer a means of resilience and resistance against racial discrimination, allowing South Asian immigrants to maintain cultural continuity and economic stability.
Annotated Bibliography
Vertovec, S. (1999). Conceiving and researching transnationalism. Ethnic and racial studies, 22(2), 447-462. ANNOTATED BUB?
Itzigsohn, José; Giorguli-Saucedo, Silvia. Immigrant incorporation and sociocultural transnationalism. The International Migration Review; 2002; 36, pp. 766-98. [DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00104.x]
Margaret Walton-Roberts (2013) South Asian diasporas in Canada, South Asian Diaspora, 5:1, 1-5, DOI: 10.1080/19438192.2013.726420 https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=geog_faculty
This source provides a comprehensive overview of the economic and social experiences of South Asian immigrants in Canada, highlighting issues of labor market discrimination and the racialization of South Asian identity.
Philip Oreopoulos, Poverty Action Lab. (2023). Discrimination Against Skilled Immigrants in the Canadian Labor Market. https://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/discrimination-against-skilled-immigrants-canadian-labor-market
This study examines the extent of labor market discrimination against skilled immigrants in Canada, focusing on the impact of foreign names and education on employment outcomes.
Chaze, F. (2015). The social organization of South Asian immigrant women’s mothering in Canada. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). York University, Toronto.https://source.sheridancollege.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=fahcs_comm_publ
This research explores the mothering work of South Asian immigrant women, highlighting the challenges they face in balancing family obligations and individual aspirations in a transnational context.
Agrawal, S. K. (2012). Economic disparities among South Asian immigrants in Canada. South Asian Diaspora, 5(1), 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/19438192.2013.720514
This article discusses the employment challenges faced by South Asian immigrants in Canada, emphasizing the need for policy reforms to improve their labor market outcomes.
Ullah, A. K. M. A. (2024). Struggles for identity formation: second-generation South Asian diaspora overseas. South Asian Diaspora, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/19438192.2024.2328465
This study examines the identity formation processes of second-generation South Asians, emphasizing the impact of racial discrimination and the need for inclusive policies.
NEW RESOUCES TO INCLUDE: Economic: https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=403a0b4a-781f-4072-b450-cc114c248415%40redis&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNzbyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=85879054&db=edb
(Social )Seniors living in edmonton: https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=a38ba2d2-4a80-47ab-9b6b-5b79bbf4bdd6%40redis PDF DOWNLOADED
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=430b63d6-f79c-4fe7-96c5-edcc021092af%40redis&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNzbyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=78077446&db=a9h
(History) Deconstructiong the reconstrucion:
PDf Downloadedhttps://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=42dbbbf7-db03-4507-8a08-f3d250b9efa4%40redis
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=a6d72b03-e51a-4f90-9b52-ecdb8885cafd%40redis&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNzbyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=95589383&db=a9h
Replacing the nation in the age of migration: negotiating South Asian identities in Toronto
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=49a9379d-dca1-4ac5-be6b-3d7195f6134e%40redis&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNzbyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=108765481&db=a9h
Social: Strategic Migrant Network Building and Information Sharing: Understanding ‘Migrant Pioneers’ in Canada
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=4585c350-448d-4fc6-b345-cea357a5a970%40redis&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNzbyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=108354010&db=a9h
Diaspora, Political Action, and Identity: A Case Study of Canada’s Indian Diaspora
https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=e9ddff1c-c542-4fa5-9ebd-9fe76b4ca6ba%40redis&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNzbyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=95589385&db=a9h
Diaspora and Transnationalism: the Changing Contours of Ethnonational Identity of Indian Diaspora: https://dspace.uohyd.ac.in/items/d08f5cc5-3b28-4428-8be3-b0a118cb854f
Economic:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-013-0298-0
