write Results + Discussion sections for a biology class consisting of 2 pages results and 5 pages discussion. Here are the instructions for results section “Verbally describe your results**
State which effects are/are not significant for each dependent variable
For each factor or interaction, state which variables are significantly affected
Use subheadings for each dependent variable
reference figures in the text like this (Figure 1).
Give each figure a caption that explains what is being shown
write concisely (this section should be the short)
use past tense
Use a graph when it is important to show a pattern/trend/relationship in the data” Here are the instructions and component about the discussion section “Restate your study question & answer hypotheses
Remind the reader what your study sought to answer
Start with results that pertain to the original hypotheses
Interpret your results and back up your interpretations with existing research
What do these results mean? What is your interpretation of them in relation to your question?
How does existing literature support your interpretations?
Peer-reviewed scientific literature is a MUST
How does this all connect back to the broader question/problem that you introduced in the intro?” All the anova data and graphs that should be included in the paper are attached, so you are going to use P-values and compare it to alpha which is 0.05, and if it is less than 0.05 it is significant and interpret from that, and sample means fertilization , column means inoculation of mychrizzal fungi, interaction means the fertilization and inoculation are working together. Use the graph to write the results verbally and the averages for each 10 samples in all catogeries you have 7 catogeries use five of them like chlorophyl, root biomass, root to shoot ratio, total biomass, flower count. Here are information about the experiment, the introduction section “Introduction
Plants rely on their roots when it comes to absorbing water. Also, plants need
their roots to attain necessary nutrients from the soil. However, there is a limited
surface area of roots which often limits plants’ ability to access the available nutrients
which also leads to suboptimal growth. Mycorrhizal fungi develop a symbiotic
relationship with plants by attaching to their roots and by increasing their ability to
absorb nutrients. This relationship between both parties is beneficial where the fungi
receives carbohydrates from the plant and the plants increasing their access to
nutrients. Our experiment aims to conclude if the nitrogen fertilizer application will
help in improving Brassica Rapa growth parameters mainly biomass production
when nitrogen is available in access. We also anticipated that mycorrhizal
inoculation is expected to improve nutrients accessibility and to promote the
development of plants. The mutual application of both nitrogen fertilizer and
mycorrhizal fungi is believed to show positive effects on the development of plant
and their growth performance.
Brassica Rapa is also called field mustard. As we know, “Field
mustard is commonly cultivated in the Nordic countries to produce canola
oil. The cultivation of the vegetable turnip in Europe has
been already mentioned in Hellenistic and Roman texts. Brassica
rapa gradually spread from Southern Europe to the Nordic region and was
taken into cultivation there” (NordGen, 2024). This is a diverse wild plant
species and it is known with multiple names including wild turnip, field
mustard, turnip mustard, wild mustard, wild kale or bird rape (Ramchiary and
Lim, 2002). Not only this, this plan has bright yellow flowers which attract bees.
Research also shows that, “Brassica Rapa is native throughout Europe,
Russia and Asia, with Europe considered as one centre of origin of
subspecies Rapa and oleifera. In Europe, Brassica rapa grows on disturbed
habitats such as roadsides, wastelands, populated
places and cultivated land. Many of its populations are naturalized escapes
from cultivated crops” (NordGen, 2024).
Optimal growth and development of this plant mainly relies on the
presence of essential nutrients which play an important role in its
metabolism and biomass production. Nitrogen is one of the most essential
nutrients required for the development and growth of Brassica Rapa.
Nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used in agriculture so that they could work
as a supplement soil and help in increasing nitrogen levels in the soil and
promote growth of plants. However, if there is excessive amount of nitrogen
in soil, it could lead to environmental pollution and ecological imbalances.
On the other hand, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), for an association with
plant roots so that they could help in increasing access to nutrients and promote
plant development and growth.
Previous studies highlight the significance of mycorrhizal fungi in improving
plant growth by providing better nutrient access. Through this process, plants can
have a better access to a huge range of nutrients which could be a source of their
development and growth. It is also important to understand significant relationship
between plant and nutrients so that their development process could be enhanced.” The hypotheses that by using the data you will support one of them “1. The use of only nitrogen fertilizer will result in an increase in B. rapa’s shoot growth, root biomass, total biomass, and chlorophyll density
2. The use of only mycorriza will result in an increase in B. rapa’s shoot growth, root biomass, total biomass, and chlorophyll density
3. The use of both mycorriza and nitrogen fertilizer will result in larger shoot growth, root biomass, total biomass, and chlorophyll density in B. rapa when compared against B. rapa grow with only mycorriza or nitrogen fertilizer” Please write in your own words and use all the instructions provided and please use at least 8 references and put in-text citations and full text citations for the discussion section. It should be all results and discussion sections 7 pages in total.
Here are the outline that it should be written in this form:
Results Section (Expanded Outline)
Chlorophyll Density
Begin with a sentence that introduces the subheading and references the corresponding figure.
Detail the numerical results, stating the means and the standard error for inoculated and non-inoculated, fertilized and non-fertilized groups.
Comment on the significance of the effects based on the P-values provided.
Conclude with a concise summary of the implications of these results.
Root Biomass
Introduce the variable and reference the figure.
Describe the observed differences in root biomass, providing exact values from the data.
Discuss the significance and lack thereof for the factors and their interaction.
Summarize the findings in relation to the study’s focus.
Root to Shoot Ratio
Reference the appropriate figure and explain what it shows.
Report on the measured ratios and their comparison between treatment groups.
Highlight the statistical significance as indicated by the P-values.
Wrap up with a brief interpretation of how this variable relates to plant growth.
Total Biomass
Start with a description of the total biomass results, referencing the figure.
Give detailed statistical data, comparing fertilized and non-fertilized, inoculated and non-inoculated groups.
Clarify which effects were significant and what that means for the study.
Flower Count
Reference the figure showing flower count.
Present the data, mentioning the mean flower counts and their statistical analysis.
Discuss the significance of the mycorrhizal inoculation effect on flower count.
End with a sentence that relates flower count to plant reproductive success.
Discussion Section (Expanded Outline)
Introduction to Discussion
Restate the central question of the study and the hypotheses.
Briefly summarize the key results that directly relate to the hypotheses.
Interpretation of Results
Chlorophyll Density: Discuss what the significant increase in inoculated and/or fertilized plants implies about the relationship between mycorrhizal symbiosis, nutrient availability, and photosynthesis.
Root Biomass: Interpret the implications of increased root biomass in inoculated plants, including possible mechanisms and references to the literature.
Root to Shoot Ratio: Consider the ecological and physiological implications of altered biomass allocation in inoculated plants.
Total Biomass and Flower Count: Discuss the broader implications for plant growth, crop yield, and agricultural practices, referencing relevant studies.
Integration with Existing Research
Discuss each result in the context of existing literature, using peer-reviewed articles to support your interpretations.
Highlight agreements and discrepancies between your findings and previous studies, offering possible explanations for the latter.
Broader Implications
Connect the specific results to broader agricultural or ecological issues, such as sustainable farming practices or climate change resilience.
Speculate on potential applications of your findings in agricultural settings, citing studies on the use of mycorrhizal inoculants in crop production.
Conclusion
Summarize the main conclusions drawn from your results and their discussion.
Suggest directions for future research, based on the findings and gaps in the current literature.
References
Expand the reference list to include all sources cited, formatted according to the required citation style for your class or publication.
For each section, ensure that you write in past tense, provide captions for each figure that explain what is being shown, and integrate the data in a manner that is clear and concise. This structure provides a comprehensive roadmap for crafting a detailed and informative Results and Discussion section.
Please focus on the P-values and averages for each 10 plants to interpret the data.
All the figures that should be included in the paper are attached to this assignment, please make caption for them and include them and interpert them in results section. Please follow the instructions really well we don’t have much time.
