The shoulder girdle and shoulder joint work together to produce movement in the upper-extremity.
Using approximately 400-500 words, describe scapulohumeral movement, or synergy, that takes place with the shoulder joint and girdle. What muscles are acting to create these motions? What could happen if this synergy did not occur? Include at least two scholarly references (using APA formatting and style) to guide your answers.
This is what I have and it needs to be rewritten because it was copied by AI and it needs to have sources used throughout the paper.
The scapulohumeral complex, which includes the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) and the shoulder girdle, demonstrates the intricate synchronization of motions required for upper limb functionality. This coordination comprises the coordinated activities of multiple muscles to maintain the shoulder’s stability, flexibility, and proper alignment during functional movements. A detailed comprehension of these movements and the muscles involved is required to fully comprehend shoulder mechanics and the potential consequences of any dysfunction.
The scapulohumeral joint moves by coordinating the glenohumeral joint with scapular movement about the thorax. This coordination enables a wide range of arm movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and overhead tasks like reaching and lifting. The shoulder girdle and rotator cuff muscles surrounding the shoulder joint work together to facilitate a wide range of movements and ensure proper shoulder complex function.
The rotator cuff muscles are essential for maintaining the stability and mobility of the shoulder joint. Among these muscles, the supraspinatus muscle begins arm abduction and helps to stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid fossa when the arm elevates. The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles, on the other hand, are primarily responsible for external shoulder rotation, allowing for activities such as throwing, swinging, and reaching behind the back. The subscapularis muscle aids in the internal rotation and stabilization of the humeral head, contributing to overall shoulder joint stability and fun. This function is critical for maintaining joint integrity and functionality. These rotator cuff muscles work together to maintain proper shoulder mechanics and provide support during various upper-limb workouts.
Scapular stabilizers are essential for maintaining good shoulder mechanics and stability during arm motions. The trapezius muscle coordinates numerous scapular motions, such as elevation, retraction, and rotation, to improve the mechanics of the glenohumeral joint during arm movements. Furthermore, the serratus anterior muscle supports and protracts the scapula against the thoracic wall, allowing for smooth overhead movements while limiting scapular winging. The rhomboids and the serratus anterior help maintain scapular stability by retracting and stabilizing the scapula, guaranteeing proper alignment during dynamic shoulder motions. These scapular stabilizers work together to preserve appropriate shoulder function and prevent dysfunction or damage during upper-limb movements.
Abduction, flexion, and extension require the deltoid muscle to function correctly. It provides strength and enables exact control throughout these maneuvers, helping improve the shoulder joint’s general stability and range of motion.
Improper coordination of the scapulohumeral complex can have significant consequences for the health and functionality of the shoulder. Weakness or imbalances in the rotator cuff muscles, including the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis, can lead to shoulder instability, impingement syndrome, or even tears in the rotator cuff. This compromises the integrity of the joint and limits the range of motion. Moreover, poor coordination between scapular stabilizers like the trapezius, serratus anterior, and rhomboids and the deltoid muscle can result in less effective shoulder mechanics, lowering efficiency and raising the risk of overuse injuries. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain appropriate synergistic movement patterns within the scapulohumeral complex to preserve shoulder health and prevent dysfunction.
The scapulohumeral complex must move together in order for the shoulder to function correctly and perform daily tasks. Maintaining balance between the shoulder girdle muscles and the rotator cuff is critical for joint stability, mobility, and health. Addressing dysfunctions, targeted rehabilitation and strengthening activities are crucial for preventing shoulder injuries and improving upper limb function.
