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Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS)was first introduced to the substance use profession in 1976 through a combination of the outcomes of the Henry Maudsley campus research, his teaching on alcohol abuse from 1883 and the inclusion of the international data collected through the World Health Organization(WHO) scientific group (Edwards, 1986). All efforts in the area were a call to attempt to understand the psychological mindset of alcohol abusers who found themselves unable to control their addictive behaviors; regardless of their age, race, socioeconomic positions, or education. Maudsley originally used the medical perspective to address the addictive pattern by stating that there was a physical impact on the deterioration of the brain that caused an alcohol addictive person to cause harm to their nervous system and brain cells, which would cause an increase of the alcohol use (1986). He later attributed alcoholism to the psyche of the user with a need to escape every day stressors, gain sympathy, have a freedom of mental power and to feel elated (1986). This would explain the overwhelming use of substances for people who were burdened with stressful roles in society that have to make decisions on the lives of other such as judges, law enforcement and clergy. Recovery is an ongoing life work, well worth the efforts to reestablish relationships and promote the best life outcomes for health both physically and mentally. The WHO began addressing the need to explore resolutions to ADS in 1977. They were intentional in their approach and incorporated different cultural experiences and national traditions to reflect the best international consensus to the worldwide problem of ADS. Their research, however through the literature does not speak directly to the inclusion of people of color, yet it focused more on the differences between Anglo Saxon and French views (Hodgson, 1980). This would speak to the relevance of the black experience being omitted routinely from recovery efforts, treatment models and current substance use technics for abstinence practices.
To measure the outcomes and successful models, the conclusion towards addressing ADS was the development of questionnaires and scales to develop a way to measure the degree of dependence as a predictor of a response to challenge the dose of alcohol for addictive patterns. The results of the scales and questionnaires promotes an understanding of the severity of the substance user. The intent to use alcohol more impresses upon the establishment of the person’s level of addiction. The treatment plans and outcomes of success can be further explored by distinguishing addiction into segments of use and levels of control and functioning. The outcomes of the scales and questionnaires such as the Last 6 months of drinking questionnaire, the Rand report and the Alcohol dependence scale are all used still to this day to establish the reliability of such instruments and creates a process of treatment planning for the addiction (Ting-Kai et al., 2006). The proper use of assessment tools can support effective intervention strategies. Exploring the consistency of specific scores of survey criteria and how they correlate with the DSM-V’s criteria for alcohol dependency cand provide realistic approaches to addressing substance use interventions used for clients according to their level of use, abuse, or misuse of substances. Conley( 2001) addressed the need to determine the construct validity of the assessment tools in which clinical professional use to describe alcohol related behaviors.
