I’m working on a business test / quiz prep and need support to help me learn.Question 14 PointsScientific models are used to ________.present the scale of the solar system to the general public
make miniature representations of the universe
make specific predictions that can be tested through observations or experiments
prove that past paradigms no longer hold true
Question 24 PointsScientific thinking developed only in the past few decades.True
False
Question 34 PointsKepler’s third law, p2 = a3, means thata planet’s period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit.
all orbits with the same semimajor axis have the same period.
planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average speeds than nearer planets.
All of these are correct.
the period of a planet does not depend on its mass.
Question 44 PointsWhich of the following statements expresses what we mean by a scientific theory?an explanation for a physical phenomenon, an explanation that hasn’t been tested yet
an educated guess
a simple model that explains a wide variety of phenomena and that has survived repeated tests
Question 54 PointsGalileo challenged the idea that objects in the heavens were perfect by ________.observing sunspots on the Sun and mountains on the Moon
proving Kepler’s laws were correct
showing that heavy objects fall at the same rate as lighter objects
inventing the telescope
Question 64 PointsKepler developed his model of elliptical orbits because of an 8-arcminute discrepancy between observations and a model of planetary motion with circular orbits.True
False
Question 74 PointsNewton’s second law states: sum of forces = mass × acceleration. According to this, what property can you determine if you observe the acceleration of an object with a known mass?the current location of the object
the value of a single force acting on the object
the current velocity of the object.
the sum total of all forces acting on the object
Question 84 PointsSpeed and velocity are the same thing.True
False
Question 94 PointsWhy are astronauts weightless in the Space Station?because the Space Station is traveling so fast
because the Space Station is moving at constant velocity
because the Space Station is constantly in free-fall around the Earth
because there is no gravity in space
Question 104 PointsMomentum is defined as ________.mass times speed
force times velocity
mass times acceleration
mass times velocity
Question 114 PointsIf an object’s velocity is doubled, its momentum isquadrupled.
halved.
dependent on its acceleration.
unchanged.
doubled.
Question 124 PointsWhat do we mean by a geocentric model of the universe?a model designed to explain what we see in the sky while having the Earth located in the center of the universe
a model designed to explain what we see in the sky while having the Earth orbit the Sun
a model of the Milky Way Galaxy that has our solar system located at its center
the name given to sphere-shaped models that show all the constellations as they appear in our sky on the celestial sphere
Question 134 PointsWhat was the Ptolemaic model?the first scientific model to successfully predict solar and lunar eclipses
the Earth-centered model of the cosmos in which the Earth was surrounded by seven perfect spheres, one each for the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn
an Earth-centered model of planetary motion published by Ptolemy
a Sun-centered model of planetary motion published by Ptolemy
Question 144 PointsColumbus was the first person to discover that Earth is round.True
False
Question 154 PointsHe developed a system for predicting planetary positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years.Tycho Brahe
Kepler
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Galileo
Question 164 PointsTo measure the mass of an astronomical object, one can observe the orbital period and distance of a companion.True
False
Question 174 PointsWhat do we mean by the orbital energy of an orbiting object (such as a planet, moon, or satellite)?Orbital energy is the amount of energy required for the object to leave orbit and escape into space.
Orbital energy is a measure of the object’s speed as it moves through its orbit.
Orbital energy is the object’s kinetic energy as it moves through its orbit.
Orbital energy is the sum of the object’s kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit.
Question 184 PointsWhat quantities does angular momentum depend upon?momentum and angular velocity
mass and velocity
force, velocity, and radius
mass, velocity, and radius
force and radius
Question 194 PointsConsider the elliptical orbit of a comet around the Sun. Where in its orbit does it have the largest amount of total orbital energy?It always has the same total orbital energy.
when it is closest to the Sun
when it is farthest from the Sun
Question 204 PointsWhich of the following best describes the origin of ocean tides on Earth?Tides are caused by the difference in the force of gravity exerted by the Moon across the sphere of the Earth.
Tides are caused by the 23.5-degree tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis to the ecliptic plane.
The Moon’s gravity pulls harder on water than on land, because water is less dense than rock.
Tides are caused on the side of the Earth nearest the Moon because the Moon’s gravity attracts the water.
Question 214 PointsAccording to the universal law of gravitation, the force due to gravity isinversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects.
directly proportional to the distance between objects.
not dependent on the distance between objects.
inversely proportional to the distance between objects.
directly proportional to the square of the distance between objects.
Question 224 PointsNewton’s version of Kepler’s third law states: p2 = × a3In this equation, what does p represent?the masses of the two objects
the average distance between the two objects
the orbital period
the universal gravitational constant
Question 234 PointsRadiative energy is ________.energy from nuclear power plants
energy carried by light
energy of motion
heat energy
Question 244 PointsConsidering Einstein’s famous equation, E = mc2, which of the following statements is true?Mass can be turned into energy, but energy cannot be turned back into mass.
One kilogram of mass represents 1 joule of energy.
It takes a large amount of mass to produce a small amount of energy.
You can make mass into energy if you can accelerate the mass to the speed of light.
A small amount of mass can be turned into a large amount of energy.
Question 254 PointsAbsolute zero is ________.0° Celsius
0° Fahrenheit
0 Kelvin
100° Celsius
Requirements: ///
