Final exam on race and ethnicity needs to be a 7-8 page paper These are the two questions and part a and b need to be answered 2. Hattery and Smith observe, “The data also show that rates of marriage have significantly declined since 1970, and that the decline has been substantially steeper for African Americans than whites…. the second biggest myth about African Americans and marriage is the belief that African American women aren’t marrying because all the African American men are marrying white women.” Telles writes that, “Despite widespread and persistent racial discrimination in Brazilian society, intermarriage is far higher in Brazil than in the United States or South Africa…Although race continues to be a significant variable in determining partner choice, the very real possibility for such marriages in Brazil suggest that, in comparative terms, Brazil’s miscegenation is real and indicates relatively widespread interracial sociability.” Is intermarriage a litmus test of assimilation? Does it signal a breakdown of racial barriers? Utilizing at least two readings on these topics (Hattery and Smith; Telles), A. Examine the factors driving low Black marriage rates since the 1970s. How do Hattery and Smith debunk the myth of Black Americans not wanting to get married? Why did marriage rates decline for Black Americans in the 1970s and afterwards? How do they also debunk the notion that Black men’s outmarriage to white women is what is contributing to low marriage rates for Black women? Explain. How does Brazil compare in rates and patterns of intermarriage with the United States? What explains the variations observed by Telles in Brazil? Discuss at least three of the factors examined by Telles (population/propinquity, social class/education, geography/industrialization/immigration, and status exchange/hypergamy theory) to explain intermarriage in Brazil. Explain. B. What are the implications of Telles’s and Hattery and Smith’s analyses of intermarriage patterns in the U.S. and Brazil for outmarriage of racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. in the foreseeable future? Make educated projections based on the insights provided by Hattery and Smith and Telles. 3. Alexander writes, “Crime rates have fluctuated over the past thirty years, and are currently at historical lows, but incarceration rates have consistently soared…. Rates of imprisonment – especially black imprisonment – have soared regardless of whether crime has been rising or falling in any give community or the nation as a whole.” Golash-Boza and Hondagneu-Sotelo write that “deportations have taken on a new course in the aftermath of 9/11 and in the wake of the global economic crisis – involving a shift towards interior enforcement; (2) deportation has become a gendered and racial removal project of the state; and (3) deportations will have lasting consequences with gendered and raced effects here in the United States.” What are the parallels between the War on Drugs and mass incarceration/prison industrial complex and the War on Terror and mass deportations/immigration industrial complex? Utilizing at least two readings on these topics (Hattery and Smith; Alexander; Golash-Boza and Hondagneu-Sotelo), A. Discuss how the War on Drugs led to the mass incarceration of working-class Black American men. Why does Alexander conceptualize mass incarceration as a New Jim Crow? What has been the impact of mass incarceration on the Black American community? And who benefits from mass incarceration? Explain. How has the War on Terror and the global economic recession led to the mass deportation of working-class Latinx and Black immigrant men? Why do Golash-Boza and Hondagneu-Sotelo refer to mass deportations as a gendered and a racial removal project of the state? How has a shift from border (returns) to interior (removal) enforcement been possible, and what has been its impact on Latinx families? Explain.
