3 career choice arre marketing , realestate or accouting
the univercities are UCLA , CSULA or CSUN
criteria, up to 2.5 points each
10 points total score
_____ 5-page typed essay (at least 1250 words, not including quotes) with introduction, body, and conclusion format as specified below, presented in formal academic English, free of spelling, punctuation, or grammar errors, and submitted on time; in-text citations and Works Cited page prepared in MLA format for all 16 sources (specified below); 1 word count of entire essay and 1 word count not including quotes (Works Cited page not included in either);
_____ Introduction begins by generally identifying the topic and its importance, then outlines the range of opinions analyzed and presents as specific thesis topic focus student’s research into a career of personal interest, in the context of ideas from Christian’s Alignment Problem and Shakespeare’s Midsummer (plus, optionally, Hamlet). Thesis opinion explains the student’s current educational and career goals and why the selected career was chosen, how ideas from Christian might/might not enhance preparing for and embarking upon a career, plus how ideas from Shakespeare compare metaphorically; conclusion restates thesis and summarizes argument;
_____ Body explains as support for thesis reasons, researched examples, and other evidence, including at least 1 quote from the OOH on each of 3 careers, at least at least 1 quote from each of 3 schools’ websites, at least 1 quote from each of at least 3 experts/interview subjects, at least 1 quote from each of 2 relevant personally-researched, preferably academic articles, at least 2 quotes from Christian’s Alignment Problem, at least 2 quotes from Shakespeare’s Midsummer (or 1 plus 1 quote from Hamlet), plus, at least 1 quote from a classmate’s discussion post; summary of sources is avoided, instead, brief quotes and examples are thoroughly explained as support for thesis;
_____ Essay shows good advantage made of the research and journal activities to research, outline, draft, and revise ideas before submitting essay (average score of recent discussion activities); bonus for sending draft to NetTutor and including a copy of the response
3.8, Revising discussion ideas into Essay 3
3.8, Revising discussion ideas into Essay 3
Please develop your outlined ideas from the previous steps into paragraph form, then revise into more formal essay style. Feel free to submit a draft before the due date and send any questions by Inbox message. It’s recommended you draft and revise in your word processor, then click Start Assignment when you’re ready to copy and paste from your essay and submit it.
Create an introduction and conclusion as specified in the rubric. Build an argument of support for your thesis by thoroughly explaining your reasons and the various required sources of examples as the body of your essay. Revise to formalize language and argumentation (limit/avoid I-, we-, and/or you-style perspective). Proofread to correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar. Use MLA format for the in-text citations and Works Cited page. To maximize scores, use rubrics as checklists as you revise, and make sure to address each separate criterion of the criteria.
Try to start your writing projects for college in this so-called process approach. None of us writes our best in one draft between midnight and six am, and research often requires its own schedule that cannot be forced into one day but must be done stepwise over time.
Optional bonus opportunity
This semester, students have the opportunity to consult with a tutor from the college’s Embedded Tutor program. Where the following instructions address the Net Tutor service, students have the option, and are highly recommended, to consult through the LACC Penji Tutoring link in Canvas, and for more info see the Writing Support Center..Links to an external site.
For NetTutor, on the left side Canvas menu, below Discussions, Grades, Syllabus, down toward the bottom is an item NetTutor. Please consider sending your e1 to Net Tutor for advice then revising as an optional bonus opportunity. Click NetTutor then “English,” then “Drop off a paper,” answer the questions, and upload. It may take a couple days for their response. It’s a good idea to copy and paste the rubric into the file with your essay, so that the tutor can see how your work is being evaluated. You might add a note that you have the chance to revise for a better score, too.
Access to the NetTuor service is provided by the college for your use, and in classroom sections, we’ve looked together at the advice of several of their tutors. They all seem to give some general advice at first then specific proofreading comments. While their advice is not wrong in most cases, the general comments often apply to all writing, and the specific advice often focuses mainly on grammar, spelling, and MLA format. Their responses sometimes haven’t much addressed whether or how well the students’ thesis and argument structure met the requirements of the assignment, even when students included the rubric. Let’s see what you think this semester.
Properly researching and outlining writing projects for college makes the difference between passing and failing. Explaining thesis and argument clearly and completely distinguishes good B writing from average C work. Formal academic style makes the difference between As and Bs. This fits with the advice of the course overall. A friend or tutor at a writing center might give good advice on minor details at the last minute, but if you need help with understanding an writing assignment or how to structure your ideas, you may need to consult with instructors well before due dates while there’s still time for drafting and revision.
This is not required for anyone. It’s a bonus option, but it’s a good idea for everyone. To earn the bonus, attach the pdf file of the tutor’s advice. The Essay 4 rubric will, however, ask students to include a copy of NetTutor’s response as a specified criterion, not as a bonus, so it’s good idea to practice this time for that reason, too.
6.a, Initiating contact with interview subjects and continuing with Shakespeare
3.6, Initiating contact with interview subjects and continuing with Shakespeare
Plan ahead to discuss your ideas with a variety of others: former instructors, guidance counselors, more advanced students, working professionals, etc. Initiate contact with at least three people who can respond to you as an individual. Don’t forget about email or even the phone. Also remember, since essay 4 will ask students to continue, expand, and revise essay 3, if you can’t contact everyone you’d like at this point, don’t give up, and you might be able to while revising essay 3 into essay 4. This activity specifies quotes from subjects required, but make as much progress as possible, and if necessary, explain contacts initiated before you’ve secured all the quotes.
Review your interview notes and select at least one quote from each of your interview subjects. Decide what you think about the experience of collecting data for the project, your subjects’ thoughts on your career research. Post a response briefly explaining your ideas:
Alignment Problem, personal research
There are more ideas on Christian’s Alignment Problem in the More details section below.. I found the ideas in the second half of the book most interesting and most applicable to education and learning in general, but I don’t want these pages to look too long.
As you research your career and schools for essay 3 and 4, also review a variety of articles online. Select a couple most related to aspects of the career you’re most interested in at the moment.
As you’re researching articles on your career and planning for interviews, try to find at least one professional academic article from the field Here’s a tip: add the expression site:.edu to the end of searches in Google. This will restrict returns to educational websites (n.b., this also works with other domains and extensions, such as site:.org, or site:.mit.edu, or site:.cia.gov, see more under Google Advanced Search).
Shakespeare’s Midsummer and responding to a classmate
Select another quote from Shakespeare’s Midsummer (or optionally Hamlet) that you can compare or contrast to your ideas on the focus on your choice for essay 3. Decide how you will explain your ideas. In addition to the quiz on Midsummer previously mentioned, you can also find an optional quiz on Hamlet that might be useful for review and/or choosing quotes.
Select another student’s post and briefly respond. If you’re the first to post, or if you simply want to read a few posts before choosing a quote to respond to, you can add this later. As before, if someone had already posted on a quote you chose to write on, you can respond to that person and explain your ideas on the quote for this part of the discussion.
More details
Prepping for research interviews
It may seem an exaggeration to call an interview an experiment and an interviewee an experiment test subject, but an important part of conducting research and experiments is making sure that any people involved are treated ethically, and with ethics, it would better to be excessively careful than not careful enough. When conducting research with human subjects, it’s important to follow ethical research standards. The next step does involve discussing motivation, happiness, creativity, and Lieberman’s ideas with others, and we need to be sure that we’re treating people nicely when our experiments involve others. Anyone interested in thousands of pages of examples why experimental ethics are important may peruse the DoE’s Human Radiation ExperimentsLinks to an external site. website or find a couple by searching in Google for radioactive oatmeal or the expressions radiation experiment pregnant women Vanderbilt.
Here’s a big, long list of ethical standards on research involving human subjects from the American Psychological AssociationLinks to an external site.. At least look over the General Principles, then see more detailed explanations following if you’re interested. This may seem like a lot, especially so early in a term when our interaction with others is mostly interview, but it’s important, we should do it before not after you interact with others, and it’s something we can do without the textbook. These ethical standards are all good and right, but if the list looks complicated, you already know most of it:
be nice and polite: don’t deceive, cheat, or otherwise mistreat others
be safe: don’t break any laws or endanger yourself or others;
be professional and honest: don’t make things up or distort your analysis through selective framing; keep good notes on real experiences and face the reality of unexpected discoveries; protect interview subjects’ privacy in your writing (use a first name only, make up a pseudonym, or describe subjects, for example, a community college counselor, or a 50-year resident of the neighborhood, life-long patron of the local library, and mother of three kids who also used the library but have since grown up and moved away). For references to other students in the course, let’s use initials (see below).
For the most part, your interview subjects will not be speaking in official capacity on behalf of an organization, you will not have returned to the subjects with your draft to verify their quotes accuracy and contextual meaning, and the organizations those subjects represent will not have signed official release forms. That’s ok, and part of why you might refer to someone as Mary, a community college counselor, or Jim, who’s worked 24 years as a nurse at three different hospitals. The subjects will be speaking from their own personal perspectives, and that’s the point, and why the description is also useful.
The Alignment Problem
“…simple models, made from hand-selected, high-level variables, perform about as well as more complex models—sometimes better—and consistently as well as or better than human experts…How…might one build not just a simple model from a given dataset but the best simple model?” (Christian 99)
“finding optimal simple rules…requires tackling an ‘intractable,’ or ‘NP-hard’ problem…in which there is no straightforward means of obtaining the guaranteed best answer” (Christian 99)
The interested may like to know about Christian’s previous Algorithms to Live By, which discussed how some problems lend themselves to algorithms, or decision-making strategies, that can make big complicated jobs simpler, but how some problems don’t. in math, simply trying all the possible answers to a problem one by one is called the brute force method, for example X + 1 = 20. Let’s start with 0: 0 + 1 ≠ 20. Let’s try 2: 2 + 1 ≠ 20. And so forth. Do you stop at 19? Do you keep going and going? What if the problem were X + Y = 20?
“Their goal was to create a a model that was not only as accurate as possible, but also so simple that it could run quickly and reliable on…old school…physician’s [paper] notebooks” (Christian 101)
“They developed a model called SLIM…to find not just decent heuristics but provably optimal ways make decisions under severe constraints. The upshot…was twofold…First the model showed—contrary to received wisdom and current practice—that patient symptoms were significantly less useful than their histories” (Christian 101)
“Second, the machine-learning community had scored a methodological victory it could carry through into other collaborations and other domains” (Christian 102)
“[we] want to expect…from our machines…to know not only what they think they see but where [or at what], in particular, they are looking. This idea in machine-learning goes by the name of ‘saliency”: the idea that…some parts of the [data] were more important or more influential than others in making [decisions]…machine-learning systems…Often…latch onto aspects of the training data we did not think were relevant and ignore what we imagine weas the critical information [often wrongly, but sometimes rightly]” (Christian 103)
We humans can also misattribute salience, get distracted counter-productively on seemingly point-scoring loopholes that do not achieve goals, get our reward systems misaligned, and otherwise follow less-than optimal algorithms.
“They tested their system against a group of twenty-five dermatologists. The system outperformed the humans…This…landed them a widely cited paper in Nature in 2017…The…system…was much more likely to classify any image with a ruler in it as cancerous. Why? It so happened that medical images of malignancies are much more likely to contain a ruler for scale than images of healthy skin” (Christian 104-105)
“One of the simplest ideas in making complex models more transparent is simply to have them output more” (Christian 105)
“…the network could be used to make not just a single prediction…but dozens…This technique has come to be known as ‘multitask learning’” (Christian 106)
“…if you had a multitask net predicting all sorts of things…anomalies would be much more visible. The asthmatics [cf. Christian 84]…might have better-than-average morbidity but astronomical medical bills. It would be much clearer that these were no ordinary ‘low-risk’ patients to be sent home with instructions to take two pills and call back in the morning” (Christian 107)
“More than achieving mere predictive accuracy, the model suggested an intriguing path forward for medicine itself. The combination of multitask learning and saliency techniques…don’t just make for better medicine. They might also make for better doctors” (Christian 108)
“Imagine if you walk into a doctor’s office and he says, ‘Oh, I’m going to open you up and remove maybe a couple of things.’ And you ask, ‘Oh, why?’ He says, ‘Oh, I don’t know. This machine says that that’s the best option for you. 99.9%” (Christian 113)
“Users were better at anticipating the model’s predictions when it used fewer factors and was made more ‘transparent’ to the user. But neither the simplicity nor the transparency actually affected the level of trust that people reported toward the model. And, in fact, people were less likely to realize that the model had made a mistake when the model was more transparent” (Christian 114)
How much do you trust a calculator to do arithmetic? How good would you be at noticing if a calculator made a mistake and gave you a wrong answer?
